Functions of Code Switching
between Indonesian and English. The difference can be seen from the example b. The sentence in example b consists of subject temanku and predicate
seorang dokter. The words seorang dokter are a predicate because those words represent the verb adalah that can be omitted. When it is translated into English,
the verb is is required because it has the function as a predicate. 2.
Elliptical Sentence Kalimat Luas Rapatan Density compound sentence or elliptical sentence is formed by integrating
the same element in the sentence. For example: Ayah makan nasi goreng dan minum teh My father eats fried
rice and drinks. The sentence is formed from two clauses: a.
Ayah makan nasi goreng My father eats fried rice
b. Ayah minum teh
My father drinks tea Based on the example above, the similarity between Indonesian and English
grammar is seen from the integrating of the same element which is the verb. The difference is that in Indonesian the example belongs to compound sentence, while
in English the example belongs to simple sentence that consists of compound verbs eats and drinks. In Indonesian not only the predicate that can be integrated
but also the object, subject, and complement.
3. Compound Sentence Kalimat Luas Setara
This sentence is constituted by two clauses. The role of each clause in this sentence is same. The clauses are connected by the conjunctions dan, tetapi, atau,
apalagi, and kemudian. For example:
a. Ibu memasak di dapur dan Ayah menyiram tanaman
My mother cooks in the kitchen and my father waters the plants b.
Saya ingin melanjutkan belajar ke perguruan tinggi tetapi orang tua saya tidak mampu membiayayainya.
I want to continue studying in university but my parents do not have enough money.
This kind of sentence is similar to English sentence. In English, this sentence is called compound sentence and in this sentence, the clauses are also
connected by the conjunctions and, or, but. Besides, the clauses in English compound sentence are always called independent clauses. This is similar to
Indonesian sentences that the clauses have the same role. Furthermore, In Indonesian equivalent compound sentence, the clause can be connected by the
conjunctions apalagi moreover and kemudian then while in English compound sentence, the clauses can only be connected by and, or, so and but.
4. Complex Sentence Kalimat Luas Bertingkat
This sentence consists of two clauses which are main clause and minor clause. Below are two examples of complex sentence;
a. Ia hanyut terseret air karena Ia tidak pandai berenang.
He is drowned because he cannot swim b.
Monumen nasional itu dibuat ketika kamu masih kecil. The national monument was built when you were a kid
c. Orang yang duduk di depan itu gendut sekali.
The one who sits in front is very fat On the other hand, the clauses in this type of sentence are also connected by
other conjunctions such as sehingga so, kalau, agar in order to, meskipun athough, kecuali except, bahwa that, and seperti alike.
Actually the sentences above are similar to English sentence which is called complex sentence. The English complex sentences are also connected by because,
when, although, in order to, except etc. Azar 1941 : 239 also added When the conjunctions are because or although in the English complex sentence, the
clauses are divided into main clause and minor clause which is called an adverb clause.
5. Complex Compound Sentence Kalimat Luas Kompleks
This sentence is established from two or more clauses. The clauses in this complex compound sentence are connected by the conjunctions of compound and
complex sentence. The first example is connected by the conjunctions tetapi and karena while
the second example is connected by the conjunctions karena and dan. a.
Orang itu meminta tolong kepada saya, tetapi saya tidak mau menolongnya karena dia adalah seorang penipu.
That person asks me for help but I refuse it because he is a liar.
b. Kemarin saya tidak masuk kantor karena hujan lebatnya bukan main dan
kesehatan saya agak terganggu. Yesterday I did not go to work because the rain was so heavy and I got
headache. Based on the examples above, the sentences consist of two or more
independent clauses and one dependent clause. The clauses of the sentences above are connected by the conjunctions tetapibut, karenabecause, danand. This
sentence also similar to English that these sentences are called complex compound sentence. In English complex compound sentence, there are also two
or more independent clauses and at least one dependent clause.