Types of Code Switching

Baju-me jao beta, andar mat go to the side son, not inside Keep to the side. The switch “keep to the side” here has the same meaning with “Baju-me jao beta” or go to the side. The speaker reiterates his calling by switching to English. Then, the function of the switch here is to clarify what has been said in the beginning. e. Message qualification The function of the language switch is to qualify the message or to convey the main message. The form of switch here such as sentence, verb complements, predicates following a copula. The example from college student conversation and B : A : Bina vet kiye ap a gae without waiting you come B : Nehi. I came to the bus stop peccis per about nine twenty-five. According to the example above, B switches Hindhi to English. The switch of English is functioned to convey B’s main message. f. Personalization vs Objectivization The code is related to some cases such as; a message whether a statement reflects personal opinion or knowledge and whether it reflects in specific instances or has the authority of generally known fact. For example: Austrian village farmers making plans for sharing machinery and dealing with problems that might come up. A : Ale mormaya teke nadrita O.K. let us do it like this dann von etwas is, no guet then if something happens, O.K. fine. Pa tole gax wikolna if sometimes the motor must be rewound kos sibn axthundert siling it costs seven or eight hundred shillings B : Ja jap aye denar tau O.K., O.K., then the money is there [later in the same discussion] A : Yes sak leta dien oli nter I put in oil every year. Kost virzen siling it costs fourteen shillings. According to example above, A begins with a personalized statement suggesting what the group should do. The function of the switching from A in his first utterance is to reflect his opinion. Then, in his last utterance, he shifts to German as to imply the, as is the cost of the oil. The shift to German gives the air of objective factuality and it can reflect his knowledge toward how much cost they need.

4. Indonesian Grammar

Since the data are about the insertion English into Indonesian, the writer uses Indonesian grammar. According to Chaer 1988 : 329 – 347, there are seven sentence structures in Bahasa Indonesia that explained below: 1. Simple sentence Kalimat Tunggal Simple sentence is formed by one clause that consists of simple word or phrase. In Indonesian simple sentence, subject and verb are required. The examples can be seen as follow: a. Ayah membaca koran My father reads newspaper. b. Temanku seorang dokter My friend is a doctor. In English, the simple sentence should also consist of subject and verb in example a the sentence consists of subject ayah, predicate membaca, and object koran. The first example explains the similarity in simple sentence between Indonesian and English. The difference can be seen from the example b. The sentence in example b consists of subject temanku and predicate seorang dokter. The words seorang dokter are a predicate because those words represent the verb adalah that can be omitted. When it is translated into English, the verb is is required because it has the function as a predicate. 2. Elliptical Sentence Kalimat Luas Rapatan Density compound sentence or elliptical sentence is formed by integrating the same element in the sentence. For example: Ayah makan nasi goreng dan minum teh My father eats fried rice and drinks. The sentence is formed from two clauses: a. Ayah makan nasi goreng My father eats fried rice b. Ayah minum teh My father drinks tea Based on the example above, the similarity between Indonesian and English grammar is seen from the integrating of the same element which is the verb. The difference is that in Indonesian the example belongs to compound sentence, while in English the example belongs to simple sentence that consists of compound verbs eats and drinks. In Indonesian not only the predicate that can be integrated but also the object, subject, and complement.