Romaine 1989:122 also mentioned that tags are easily inserted at a number of points in monolingual utterance without violating syntactic rule.
The example can be seen below:
Guys , ikutan yukz donor darah...hari ini jam 10.00 sd 13.00 di HKBP
Rogate Jl. Cemara Raya No. 16. Mandiri, 2010 : 40
b. Intersentential Switch
Intersentential switch occurs between sentences made by the speaker. The topic of the conversation may be switched by pause employed by one of the
speaker. The pause employed here shows a brief suspension of the voice to indicate limits or relations of sentences. Intersentential Switch occurs between
more than one sentence. The example can be seen as follows:
Awal dr hari yang indah. Sunday with full member of my little family. Feel so happy
. Mandiri, 2010 : 38
c. Intrasentential Switch
Intrasentential switch occurs within a sentence or a clause. The form of code in this switching can be in the form of a single word, a phrase, or clause.
The instances can be seen below:
Bersiap untuk pelatihan contract drafting hari ke-2 dr jam 7-17.30.
Mandiri, 2010 : 40
In addition, Intrasentential switch has the same occurrence with tag switching but Intrasentential switch is not a sentence filler. If the intrasentential
switch is omitted, the sentence will produce the ambiguity and often violate grammatical or syntactical rule of certain language.
3. Functions of Code Switching
According to Gumperz 1982:75-81, there are five functions of code switching that explained as follows;
a. Quotation
Code switching here is used to mark direct quotations or reported speech. Here is the switch from Slovenian to German, The conversation from an
informal business discussion among neighboring farmers, called to discuss the sharing of farm machinery. The speaker is reporting on a conversation with a
German speaking businessman: Pa prawe then he said wen er si nit calt gib I si nit If he does not pay for
it, I will not give it.
From the conversation above, the switch shows what is said by another speaker previously and the farmer reports the one’s speech in German.
b. Addressee specification
The switch here serves to direct the message to one of several possible addressees. The example is the switch from Slovenian to German and it is shown
from informal conversation about the weather in a village home a strong wind is blowing and there is a danger of rain and of the fruit being blown off the trees:
A : Speaking to B Nceaba prisu, vo ki su vaitar it wil not come, it will pass by
B : Speaking to A Ya ki teke naBasan zapkama pa ye zie ciu stem ye pastrane it is so overloaded with apples and the entire tree is bent
already. B : B continues turning to C sitting apart Regen vert so ain vint is drausen
It will rain, it is so windy outside. Based on the example above, after speaking to A, B switches his language
in speaking to C. It seems like B does not agree with A, so that he gives his opinion to C by switching his language. Therefore, the switch from B is
functioned to direct the message to C. c.
Interjection The function of code switching here is to mark the sentence filler or the
interjection in the sentence. For instance; here the main message is in Spanish and the speaker switches into English, A is talking to someone else later on in the
same situation Pero como but how you know la Estella y la Sandi relistas en el telefon
Stella and Sandi are very precocious on the phone. Based on the sentence above, the switch “you know” is the sentence filler.
The function of the sentence filler is to signal to other addressee that A has paused but A has not finished speaking yet.
d. Reiteration
Sometimes a message in one code is repeated in other code either literally or in somewhat modified form. The function of the repetition here is to clarify what
is said and often to emphasize the message. For example : Father in India calling to his son, who was learning to swim in a swimming pool. The switch is Hindhi
into English:
