b. Kemarin saya tidak masuk kantor karena hujan lebatnya bukan main dan
kesehatan saya agak terganggu. Yesterday I did not go to work because the rain was so heavy and I got
headache. Based on the examples above, the sentences consist of two or more
independent clauses and one dependent clause. The clauses of the sentences above are connected by the conjunctions tetapibut, karenabecause, danand. This
sentence also similar to English that these sentences are called complex compound sentence. In English complex compound sentence, there are also two
or more independent clauses and at least one dependent clause.
C. Theoretical Framework
The objectives of this study are to identify the types and the functions of Code Switching that occurs in Hitam Putih talk show in 12 June 2013. The first
problem is the identification of the types of code switching that occur in Hitam Putih talk show in 12 June 2013. In answering the first problem, the writer uses
theory of type of code switching from Stockwell and then the writer will also apply the theory of Indonesian Grammar from Chaer because the form of the data
is in oral type so that the Indonesian Grammar can help the writer identifying the types of code switching in Indonesian sentence.
The second problem is the analysis on the functions of code switching which occur in in Hitam Putih talk show in 12 June 2013. In discussing the
functions of code switching, the writer will use the theory of conversational function of code switching from Gumperz.
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CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
A. Object of the Study
The object of the study is the conversation consists code switching. As mentioned previously, Hitam Putih talk show in 12 June 2013 was chosen as the
source of the data. In this study the writer identified code switching that occurs in Joe Taslim, Dedy Corbuzier, and Daniel Mananta utterances in Hitam Putih talk
show. Therefore, the writer identified all forms of code switching when it occurs.
B. Approach of the Study
The topic of this study is about the use of code switching. As code switching is used in some certain communication by people, the approach of this study
belongs to Sociolinguistics. As seen from the characteristics of the data, sociolinguistics approach is more appropriate.
Sociolinguistics is the study of language used by society. According to Trudgill 1974:2, these two aspects of language behavior are very important from
a social point of view; first, the function of language in establishing social relationship; and second the role played by language in conveying information
about the speaker. When people communicate with each other, they employ code. According
to Wardaugh,“code is a system used for communication between two or more parties” 1992:103. People employ particular code whenever they want to speak
and they may decide to switch from one code to another code. Here, code switching has the effects of enabling speaker to signal two identities at once.
C. Method of the Study
1. Data Collection
According to this study, the researcher found that there are 343 data that belong to population study. In this study, the researcher took 197 data as the
sample. Since this study is a sample study, the writer will use the purposive sampling method which the data investigated based on the judgment. The writer
applied purposive sampling which is critical case sampling. Purposive sampling focused on the judgment of the writer when it comes to the units selected. In this
study, the writer took some pieces of the data to be analyzed deeper. “Critical case sampling is a type of purposive sampling technique that is
particularly useful in exploratory qualitative research, research with limited resources as well as research where a single case or small number of cases can
be decisive in explaining the phenomenon of interest” http:dissertation.laerd.com. In fact, there were many episodes Hitam Putih talk
show but Hitam Putih talk show’s episode that consists of code switching is limited.
Exploratory qualitative research is an initial research where a researcher has observed something and tried to understand more about it http:education-
portal.com. In exploratory qualitative research, this type of purposive sampling was used to explain further on the data of the study. In this study, the writer
applied critical case sampling in identifying the data based on structure, context, and main idea of the sentences.
According to this study, the writer took the utterances that consist of code switching as the sample of the data. The writer collected the data by taking the
video of Hitam Putih talk show in 12 June 2013 from Youtube and made the script of the conversation in the talk show. In the script, the writer numbered on every
exchange of speaker’s role and named the exchange; Utterance Number or UN. The writer took the utterances that consists of code switching into a table and
analyzed them. After that, the writer numbered the utterance which was analyzed and named them Data Number or DN. In taking the data the writer used code like
A- DN2–UN5 which means Appendix 1, Data Number 2, and Utterance Number 5 or B-DN1-UN5 that means Appendix 2, Data Number 1 and Utterance
Number 5 . 2.
Data Analysis In organizing the data, the writer inserted the utterances consist of code
switching in the script into a table. Thus, the writer categorized and explained the data based on the types of code switching. In the first problem, the writer
classified the data according to the three types of code switching and analyzed them based on the structure of the sentence. The writer also added some
explanations about Indonesian grammar related to the explanation toward types of code switching especially intrasentential and intersentential switch. Then, the
writer related the type with the function of code switching. In the second problem, the writer identified the data based on the functions of code switching. In
analyzing the second problem, the writer analyzed the function of code switching based on the context of the data. Therefore, the conclusion was given after whole
analysis and discussion done. Table of code switching data can be seen below:
Data Number Utterance Number Utterance
Analysis
