READING 109
13. What makes up the staple diet of the emperor penguin? a. cuttlefish
b. krill c. seaweed
d. fried clams
14. Where in the passage does the author describe the char-
acteristics that make emperor penguins excellent swim- mers?
a. at the beginning of paragraph 1 b. at the end of paragraph 1
c. at the beginning of paragraph 2 d. at the end of paragraph 2
15. Why do male emperor penguins form a huddle? a. to protect the eggs from sea lions
b. to share their food supply c. to maintain body heat in harsh temperatures
d. to share parenting advice
16. The following sentence can be inserted into the passage:
Instead they feed and breed in the frigid waters and sea ice of the southern Ocean.
Where would this sentence best fit in the passage? Choose the number to indicate where you would add the sentence
to the passage. a. 1
b. 2 c. 3
d. 4
110 TOEFL EXAM ESSENTIALS
CHAPTER HIGHLIGHTS
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Practice active reading techniques, such as highlighting and taking notes.
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Schedule regular reading time into your study plan.
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Familiarize yourself with the reading question types, including those on the computer-based exam.
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Main ideas are general statements that bring together all the ideas in a passage.
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Supporting details are specific examples and facts that back up a main idea.
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Inferences are conclusions based on what the writer suggests or implies.
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Word choice is the particular words a writer uses to describe his subject.
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Connotation is the suggested meaning of words.
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Learn the strategies for determining the meaning of unfamiliar vocabulary words.
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Review the three-part strategy for answering reference questions.
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For paraphrased sentence questions, practice “rewriting” material as you read.
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Study the four most common patterns writers use to organize their ideas.
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Familiarize yourself with the transitional phrases used to introduce specific information, chronology, important
points, comparisons, contrasts, causes, and effects.
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