flied c. fleed fled
STRUCTURE 81
CHAPTER HIGHLIGHTS
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Sentences must have a subject and a predicate and express a complete thought.
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A subject is the sentence part that tells who or what the sentence is about.
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A predicate is the sentence part that describes what the subject is or what the subject is doing.
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A clause is a group of words with a subject and a predicate.
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An independent clause stands alone and expresses a complete thought.
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A dependent clause needs an independent clause to complete its meaning.
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The parts of speech are noun, verb, helping verb, adjective, adverb, and preposition.
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For subject-verb agreement, the subject of a sentence must match the verb in number.
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Familiarize yourself with the common pitfalls involving subject-verb agreement.
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For pronoun agreement, a pronoun and its antecedent must match in number.
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Know how to identify common pronoun errors and troublesome pronouns.
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Adjectives describe nouns or pronouns.
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Adverbs describe verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs.
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Review the common grammatical mistakes involving modifiers and problem modifiers.
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Avoid using two negative pronouns or modifiers in one sentence.
82 TOEFL EXAM ESSENTIALS
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Learn how to create the comparative and superlative forms of modifiers.
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The five basic verb forms are infinitive, present tense, present participle, past tense, and past participle.
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Study and memorize the forms of the most common irregular verbs.
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Review the common errors involving verb tense and problem verbs.
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Review and memorize common prepositional idioms.
Practice Answers
1. I went for a walk downtown and mailed your letter. 2. If it is hot tomorrow, let’s go to the beach.