28 English teachers, while the researcher observed two classes for the classroom
observation. The interview and classroom observation helped the researcher obtain information dealing with
students’ needs which were important to design good materials of writing using EGRA technique for the eighth-grade students of SMPN
15 Yogyakarta.
2. Instrument for Preliminary Field Testing Step
For the preliminary field testing, the researcher used questionnaires to collect comments and feedback related to the designed materials. The researcher
used both close and open questionnaires. The questionnaires were distributed to the experts to get feedbacks and suggestions to the designed materials. The
questionnaires used for expert validation were divided into two parts. First, the researcher used Likert Scale for each statement. There were four
degrees of agreement, such as strongly agree, agree, disagree, and strongly disagree. The researcher did not use undecided since the researcher wanted to know the
strength or weakness in each statement. Second, the researcher provided spaces for experts to give suggestions and comments in order to improve the designed
materials.
E. Data Gathering Technique
This research was conducted in the second semester which was within March 2016 at SMPN 15 Yogyakarta. It was done by conducting the interview and
observation and distributing questionnaires. For the research and information
collecting, the researcher observed the class. The importance of doing observation PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
29 was that the researcher wanted to identify
the characteristics of the class, students’ difficulties, and the students’ needs. Furthermore, the researcher also interviewed
two English teachers for class VIII to get more information to help the researcher
in designing the materials.
After the researcher gathered the data from the observation and interview, the researcher continued to design the writing materials. After designing the
materials, especially in the preliminary field testing, the researcher distributed the questionnaires to the one English teacher SMPN 15 Yogyakarta and two lecturers
of English Education Study Program of Sanata Dharma University.
F. Data Analysis Technique
The interview data that had been collected were translated into written paragraphs. Besides, the questionnaire data were analyzed by using several steps.
Firstly, the researcher recapitulated the data in the table. After that, the researcher calculated for each response. The result was obtained by dividing the number of
students who chose certain answers with the total number of the students. Then, the result was multiplied by 100. The data collected were calculated by using a
formula as follows.
∑n N
× 100
Note: ∑n : the total number of students who chose certain answers.
N : the total number of students.
The researcher made a table which was used to present the result of the PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
