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4. Preliminary Field Testing
The next step is preliminary field testing. In this step, the researcher distributes the questionnaires to the experts to get the revision of the product. There
are three experts who will evaluate the designed materials.
5. Main Revision
Main revision indicates that data from the previous step has been collected. In this step, the researcher revises the product
based on the experts’ evaluation. It aims to make the product better and applicable.
Table 2.1. The Researcher’s Model of Development
R and D Cycle Instructional Model
Research and Information Collecting Getting information dealing with syllabus
used Interviewing English teachers
Observing classes
Planning Stating units and topics
Stating learning objectives Making lesson plan
Defining skill Making small scale feasibility test
Develop Preliminary Form of product Listing subject contents
Selecting instructional activities Preliminary Field Testing
Conducting materials evaluation from experts
Main Product Revising the designed material
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CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents the research methodology. There are seven parts. They are research method, research participants, setting of the study, the research
instruments, data gathering technique, data analysis technique, and research procedure.
A. Research Method
In this research, there are two objectives that were formulated in the research objectives. The first objective was to design a set of instructional writing materials
for the eighth-grade students of SMPN 15 Yogyakarta. The second objective was to present a set of instructional writing materials for the eighth-grade students of
SMPN 15 Yogyakarta. The research of this study was conducted by using Research and
Development R D. In this case, the researcher used Research and Development approach by adapt
ing Borg and Gall’s model of development. According to Borg and Gall 1983, educational research and development R D is “a process used
to develop and validate educational products” p. 772. The steps of this process are usually referred to as the R D cycle. Borg and Gall 1983 say that there are ten
major steps in R D p. 775. They are research and information collecting, planning, develop preliminary for of product, main field testing, main product
revision, preliminary field testing, revision of product, operational field testing, final product, and dissemination and implementation.
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In this research, the researcher did not use the whole steps as shown above. The researcher reduced the steps to be only five steps and combined the steps with the
steps of Kemp 1997. The researcher adapted the process based on the situation.
Table 3.1 The Steps Used in the Research R and D Cycle
Instructional Model
Research and Information Collecting Getting information dealing with syllabus
used Observing class
Interviewing the teachers
Planning Stating units and topics
Stating learning objectives Making lesson plan
Defining skill Making small scale feasibility test
Develop Preliminary Form of product Listing subject contents
Selecting instructional activities Preliminary Field Testing
Conducting materials evaluation from experts
Main Product Revising the designed material
1. Research and Information collecting
Borg and Gall 1983 state that the main concern of this stage is to provide the foundation to design the instructional product. Therefore, in getting the
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