Conceptual Framework LITERATURE REVIEW

grade XI of Avionics Maintenance and Repair study program at SMK Penerbangan AAG Adisutjipto Yogyakarta.

D. Research Instrument

There were two types of questionnaires used in this study. In the first questionnaire, the subjects were asked several questions related to their learning needs by answering multiple choice questions. This questionnaire was given to collect learners’ needs after it had been validated by the supervisor. The organization of the first questionnaire is presented on the table below. Table 3: Questionnaire Organization for Needs Analysis Aspects Item Number The Purpose of the Question References Students’ Identity To find out who the students are. Graves 2000: 103 Hutchinson and Waters 1987: 63 Students’ Goal 1 To find out the students’ goal in learning English. Graves 2000: 104 Students’ Needs Necessities 2, 3 To find out what the students need in the target situation for their job as students. To find out what the students need in the target situation for their job in the future. Hutchinson and Waters 1987: 55 Wants 5 To find out what the students want to be included in the materials. Hutchinson and Waters 1987: 56 Lacks 4 To find out the gap between what the students have known and what they should know Hutchinson and Waters 1987: 56 Learning Needs Input 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 To find out the spoken, written, and visual data that should be included in the materials Nunan 2004: 47 Procedure 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 To find out what the students should do with the input within the tasks Nunan 2004: 52 Setting 22, 23 To find out in what situations the learning process will take place Nunan 2004: 70 Students’ Role 24 To find out what the students expect to do in carrying out the tasks. Nunan 1990: 84 Teachers’ Role 25 To find out what part the teacher should take in the teaching and learning process. Nunan 2004: 65-69 The second questionnaire was intended to collect data for the purpose of materials evaluation. The questionnaire for the evaluation of the materials was adapted from “Instrumen Penilaian Buku Teks Pelajaran Bahasa Inggris Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan” published by BSNP 2007 and it was validated by the supervisor. The evaluators were asked to respond whether they were Strongly Agree SA, Agree A, Disagree D, or Strongly Disagree SD. The questions were divided into four aspects which were obtained from the guidelines provided by BSNP, those were the appropriateness of the content, the appropriateness of the linguistic, the appropriateness of the method, and the appropriateness of the presentation. Further explanations of the aspects can be found below. 1. Material Appropriateness The content appropriateness can be determined by following the indicators: a Aligned with the Standard of Competence and Basic Competence, children development, and community needs b Contain science and life skills c Provide insights for development d Provide diversity of social values 2. Linguistic Appropriateness The linguistic appropriateness can be determined by following the indicators: a Readable b Use grammatically correct language c Logical instruction 3. Method Appropriateness The method appropriateness can be determined by following the indicators: a Techniques b Material c Teaching and Learning process 4. Presentation Appropriateness The presentation appropriateness can be determined by following the indicators: a The sizebook format b Cover Design c Content section design d Paper quality e Print quality f Binding quality Table 4: Questionnaire Organization for Materials Evaluation Aspects Section The Purpose of the Question Referen- ces Material Appropriateness A. Materials Appropriateness To find out whether materials are in accordance with the relevant documents the curriculum, the course grid, and the needs analysis result BSNP 2007 B. Materials Depth To find out whether materials provide sufficient information or not. C. Materials Accuracy To find out whether materials will help students to achieve their learning goal or not. D. Materials Novelty To find out whether the contents were taken from sources relevant to the topic. Linguistic Appropriateness A. Appropriateness with the Students’ Ability To find out whether the instruction used in the materials use language appropriate to the students’ cognitive development. BSNP 2007 B. Communicative Aspects To find out whether the instruction used in the materials is comprehensible and not ambiguous. C. Materials Accuracy To find out whether the language used in the materials is grammatically correct or not. D. Materials Unity and Harmony To find out whether the language used in the materials is cohesive and coherent or not. Method Appropriateness A. Presentation Technique To find out whether the tasks are sequenced appropriately or not. BSNP 2007 B. Lesson Presentation To find out whether the materials facilitate the students to achieve the learning goals or not.