About To Kill A Mockingbird Novel

49 Figure 2: Analytical Construct Context Lee‟s To Kill A Mockingbird 1. Bald on Record 2. Positive Politeness 3. Negative Politeness 4. Off Record Politeness Strategy PRAGMATICS Speech Acts Implicature Deixis Cooperative Principle Politeness Politeness Principles A Pragmatic Analysis of Politeness in Court Represented by the Main Character in Lee‟s To Kill A Mockingbird 1 To show great urgency, efficiency and task orientation. 2 To show little or no desire to maintain someones face. 3 Do the FTA in the interest of the hearer 4 Welcome 5 Offers something 1 Notice, exaggerate and intensify H‟s interest, sympathy, wants, and approval 2 Seek agreement in safe topics, avoid disagreement and use joke to put the hearer at ease 3 Assert knowledge of, reciprocal exchange, common ground, use in group identity, and concern for hearer‟s wants, give gifts, and be optimistic that H wants what S wants 4 Offer, promise 5 Give or ask for reasons 1 Be conventionally indirect: 2 Lack of willingness to comply, use question, hedge and subjunctive. 3 Give deference and minimize the imposition 4 Apologies 5 Impersonalize the speaker and the hearer and state the FTA, avoid the pronouns I and you 6 Nominalize to distance the actor and add formality 7 Go on record as incurring a debt, or as not indebting H 1 Give hints and association clues or be incomplete with ellipsis 2 Assume, understate and overstate 3 Use tautologies, contradiction, metaphors, rhetorical question and be ambiguous 4 Be ironic 5 Over generalize uttererances and displace H 50

CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD

A. Type of Research

The type of the research was descriptive qualitative. Wiersma 1994: 12 states that qualitative research has its origins in descriptive analysis and it is essentially an inductive process, reasoning from the specific situation to a general conclusion. Hence, qualitative research cannot be separated from descriptive analysis. Descriptive research means the data are collected in the form of words, sentences, or pictures having meaning other than merely number Moleong, 2001:6. Moreover, Bogdan Taylor in Moleong 2001:3 state that qualitative research is a research which presents descriptive data in the form of written and oral words of human and human behavior that can be observed. For those reasons, this research used a descriptive qualitative-quantitative research since it was concerned with the explanation of politeness strategies used by Atticus during a trial in the courtroom when he defended a black man who was accused of raping a white girl. Jacob 1987 as quoted by Selinger and Shohami 1989:118 says that qualitative research is a method attempted to present the data from the perspective of the subject or observed groups. The researcher also used quantitative method to determine the percentage of the data and to support