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CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD
A. Type of Research
The type of the research was descriptive qualitative. Wiersma 1994: 12 states that qualitative research has its origins in descriptive analysis and it is
essentially an inductive process, reasoning from the specific situation to a general conclusion. Hence, qualitative research cannot be separated from descriptive
analysis. Descriptive research means the data are collected in the form of words,
sentences, or pictures having meaning other than merely number Moleong, 2001:6. Moreover, Bogdan Taylor in Moleong 2001:3 state that qualitative
research is a research which presents descriptive data in the form of written and oral words of human and human behavior that can be observed. For those reasons,
this research used a descriptive qualitative-quantitative research since it was concerned with the explanation of politeness strategies used by Atticus during a
trial in the courtroom when he defended a black man who was accused of raping a white girl.
Jacob 1987 as quoted by Selinger and Shohami 1989:118 says that qualitative research is a method attempted to present the data from the
perspective of the subject or observed groups. The researcher also used quantitative method to determine the percentage of the data and to support
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analyzing the data. In other words, this research belongs to descriptive qualitative- quantitative research.
B. Form, Context, and Source of the Data
Arikunto 2006: 118 states that data are all facts and numbers which become materials to arrange information. The form of the data was written
utterances. It means that the form of the data was utterances taken from the novel entitled To Kill A Mockingbird. The raw data were listed in the data sheets as the
preparation for the next step. The context of the data was the situation during the trial in the novel. It means the researcher ignored any other context of the data
from the novel. The trial context was taken because during a trial, all people would behave well and use politeness strategies in their utterance.
Data source Arikunto, 2006: 129 is subject in where the data can be obtained. Therefore, the source of the data was the novel entitled To Kill A
Mockingbird.
C. Research Instrument
As this research was qualitative research, the primary instrument of this study was the researcher herself. Lincoln and Guba Bogdan and Biklen: 1982:
27 say that only human instrument that is flexible to capture the complexity of the human experience. The second research instrument was the data sheet
containing conversation from the novel containing politeness strategies. The data
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sheets are divided into four: Bald on Record Strategy Data Sheet, Positive Politeness Data Sheet, Negative Politeness Data Sheet, and Off Record Strategy
Data Sheet. The instruments were as follows: Table 2 Data Sheet A: Bald on Record Strategy in
Lee‟s To Kill A Mockingbird
Code Utterances
Realization of the
Strategy Explanation
Setting Context
01BR1170
“How do you
know?” Mr.Tate
grinned. “Sorry,
that‟s what they
said. Anyway,
she
was pretty
bruised up when I got
there, and she had a
black eye
comin„.” Show task-
orientation Atticus
in the
conversation is doing bald on record politeness strategy by
showing task orientation in his
speech. In
the conversation, he simply says
“how do you know?” it shows
task orientation.
Atticus wants the hearer to explain what he knows. The
context of this conversation in the trial.
America 1930s, slavery era
Table 3 Data Sheet B: Positive Politeness in Lee‟s To Kill A Mockingbird
Code Utterances
Realization of the Strategy
Explanation Setting Context
01PP2187 “You say „he
caught me and choked me
and took advantage of
me‟—is that right?”
Avoid disagreemen In this conversation, Atticus is doing positive
politeness by avoiding disagreement
with the hearer. He present some
facts that is undeniable by the hearer. The fact was
previously said by the H so that S only need
confirmation.This conversation
between Atticus
and Tom
Robinson. The context is in the trial, when Atticus
as a
lawyer try
to identified about the crime.
America 1930s,
slavery era
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