Table 5: Data Findings of the types and realizations of politeness strategies in Lee’s To Kill A Mockingbird
Types Realization
Freq
Total
B ald
on Re
cor d
1. Show great urgency, efficiency and task orientation 13
20
36.92
2. Show little or no desire to maintain someones face 6
9.23 3. Do the FTA for the interest of the hearer
5 7.7
4. Welcome 5. Offer something
Positive Polite
n ess
1. Notice, exaggerate and intensify H‟s interest, sympathy, wants,
and approval 6
9.23
40
2. Seek agreement to talk about safe topics, avoid disagreement and use a joke to put the hearer at ease
9 13.85
3. Assert knowledge of, reciprocal exchange, common ground, use in group identity, and concern for hearer‟s wants, give
gifts, and be optimistic that H wants what S wants 7
10.77
4. Offer, promise 5. Give or ask for reasons
4 6.15
Ne gative
Polite n
ess
1. Be conventionally indirect 4
6.15
12.31
2. Do not assume willingness to comply, use question, hedge and subjunctive
2 3.07
3. Give deference and minimize the imposition 4. Apologies
5. Impersonalize the speaker and the hearer and state the FTA, avoid the pronouns I and you
1 1.54
6. Nominalize to distance the actor and add formality 1
1.54
7. Go on record as incurring a debt, or as not indebting
Off Re
co rd
1. Give hints and association clues or be incomplete with ellipsis 2
3.07
10.77
2. Assume, understate and overstate 5
7.7 3. Use tautologies, contradiction, metaphors, rhetorical question
and be ambiguous 4. Be ironic
5. Over generalize uttererances and displace H Total
65 100
Table 5 shows that all types of politeness strategies are present: they are bald on-record, negative politeness, positive politeness, and off-record politeness
strategy. As seen in Table 5 above, there are 65 data obtained in the novel. From the data, the realization of show great urgency, efficiency and task orientation has
the highest frequency 13 times. Atticus uses this type of realization because he
speaks in a trial which requires everyone to speak efficiently and with urgency; furthermore, as lawyer, he often gives orders and tasks to the witnesses and the
victims. On the other hand, the lowest frequency were two realizations. They are
impersonalize the speaker and the hearer and state the FTA, avoid the pronouns “I and you”, and, nominalize to distance the actor and add formality. Both of
them have the same frequency once. The reason for the low frequency of these realizations is that Atticus seldom impersonalizes person by calling other people
using “you”. He also rarely nominalizes and adds formality because in the court, he has the higher position than the witnesses and the victims, so that he does need
to do these realization too often. Table 5 also shows that there are nine realizations which do not occur or
have zero frequency. It happens because Atticus never uses those kinds of realization during his speeches in trial in the novel.
B. Discussion
This part discusses the analysis of the data in a more detailed way. The discussion is divided into four parts, representing each of politeness strategy.
Table 5 reveals that in the novel there are 65 data about politeness strategies used by Atticus during a trial. The data are divided into four types of
politeness strategies. First, Bald on Record strategy has 24 data or 36.92 of all data found. Second, Positive Politeness strategy has 26 data or 40. Third,
Negative Politeness strategy has 8 data or 12.31, and fourth, Off Record
