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strategies. Secondly, the classified data were explored further based on the types of politeness strategy. Next, the data were interpreted based on Brown and
Levinson‟s and also Watt‟s politeness strategies. They were classified into bald on record, positive politeness, negative politeness, and off record.
Then, the researcher discussed how the main character in the novel used the politeness strategies. Finally, conclusion was drawn.
F. Trustworthiness
The data is conducted to establish the credibility and the consistency of the data used as suggested by Moleong 2001: 173.
The credibility aimed to show the degree of credibility from the research finding. The data being observed in detail so the data could be regarded credible.
The data was read and reread carefully and comprehensively until she got certainty that the data were in accordance to the researcher question. Triangulation
techniques would be used to obtain the trustworthiness. According to Burns 1999: 164, There are four types of triangulation
technique: by sources, by methods, by researchers or observers, and and by theories. Therefore in gaining the trustworthiness, the triangulation was
conducted. In doing this, the researcher consulted her research continually with lecturers who are experts in this field. Besides, the triangulation of data also
conducted by having peer discussions and checking the data for several times to ensure their accuracy. The peer editors were Fitria Nur Kiswandari and Rr.
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Kuweira Nur Pratiknyo. They are student of English Language and Literature study program majoring in linguistics. Through their analysis, the trustworthiness
of the data was checked again to ensure the suitability of the theories and the research.
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CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
This chapter consists of two parts, the research findings and discussion. The research finding discusses the data obtained from
Lee‟s To Kill A Mockingbird and covers the frequency of the use of politeness strategies by
Atticus in the court during a trial. The discussion part discusses the findings in more details.
A. Findings
The findings section deals with the data findings of types of Atticus‟
politeness strategies, the main character of Lee‟s To Kill A Mockingbird,
during his efforts in defending Tom Robinson, the defendant. According to Brown and Levinson 1987: 59-60, the politeness strategies are divided into
four main types: they are bald on-record, negative politeness, positive politeness, and off-record.
To ease the analysis in the discussion section, the researcher summarizes all data found in the novel. Furthermore, she is also categorizes the data according
to the types of the politeness strategies and their realization. To identify the number of the occurrence of the types of politeness strategy, the researcher also
summarizes the frequency and also the percentage of the realization of each type of the strategy. To make it clear, the data found are as follows:
Table 5: Data Findings of the types and realizations of politeness strategies in Lee’s To Kill A Mockingbird
Types Realization
Freq
Total
B ald
on Re
cor d
1. Show great urgency, efficiency and task orientation 13
20
36.92
2. Show little or no desire to maintain someones face 6
9.23 3. Do the FTA for the interest of the hearer
5 7.7
4. Welcome 5. Offer something
Positive Polite
n ess
1. Notice, exaggerate and intensify H‟s interest, sympathy, wants,
and approval 6
9.23
40
2. Seek agreement to talk about safe topics, avoid disagreement and use a joke to put the hearer at ease
9 13.85
3. Assert knowledge of, reciprocal exchange, common ground, use in group identity, and concern for hearer‟s wants, give
gifts, and be optimistic that H wants what S wants 7
10.77
4. Offer, promise 5. Give or ask for reasons
4 6.15
Ne gative
Polite n
ess
1. Be conventionally indirect 4
6.15
12.31
2. Do not assume willingness to comply, use question, hedge and subjunctive
2 3.07
3. Give deference and minimize the imposition 4. Apologies
5. Impersonalize the speaker and the hearer and state the FTA, avoid the pronouns I and you
1 1.54
6. Nominalize to distance the actor and add formality 1
1.54
7. Go on record as incurring a debt, or as not indebting
Off Re
co rd
1. Give hints and association clues or be incomplete with ellipsis 2
3.07
10.77
2. Assume, understate and overstate 5
7.7 3. Use tautologies, contradiction, metaphors, rhetorical question
and be ambiguous 4. Be ironic
5. Over generalize uttererances and displace H Total
65 100
Table 5 shows that all types of politeness strategies are present: they are bald on-record, negative politeness, positive politeness, and off-record politeness
strategy. As seen in Table 5 above, there are 65 data obtained in the novel. From the data, the realization of show great urgency, efficiency and task orientation has
the highest frequency 13 times. Atticus uses this type of realization because he
