Conceptual Framework LITERATURE REVIEW AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

52 sheets are divided into four: Bald on Record Strategy Data Sheet, Positive Politeness Data Sheet, Negative Politeness Data Sheet, and Off Record Strategy Data Sheet. The instruments were as follows: Table 2 Data Sheet A: Bald on Record Strategy in Lee‟s To Kill A Mockingbird Code Utterances Realization of the Strategy Explanation Setting Context 01BR1170 “How do you know?” Mr.Tate grinned. “Sorry, that‟s what they said. Anyway, she was pretty bruised up when I got there, and she had a black eye comin„.” Show task- orientation Atticus in the conversation is doing bald on record politeness strategy by showing task orientation in his speech. In the conversation, he simply says “how do you know?” it shows task orientation. Atticus wants the hearer to explain what he knows. The context of this conversation in the trial. America 1930s, slavery era Table 3 Data Sheet B: Positive Politeness in Lee‟s To Kill A Mockingbird Code Utterances Realization of the Strategy Explanation Setting Context 01PP2187 “You say „he caught me and choked me and took advantage of me‟—is that right?” Avoid disagreemen In this conversation, Atticus is doing positive politeness by avoiding disagreement with the hearer. He present some facts that is undeniable by the hearer. The fact was previously said by the H so that S only need confirmation.This conversation between Atticus and Tom Robinson. The context is in the trial, when Atticus as a lawyer try to identified about the crime. America 1930s, slavery era 53 Table 4 Data Sheet C: Negative Politeness in Lee‟s To Kill A Mockingbird Code Utterances Realization of the Strategy Explanation Setting Context 01NP2177 “Just a minute, sir,” said Atticus genially. “Could I ask you a question or two?” Do not assume willingnes s to comply, use question and hedge Atticus‟utterance contains negative politeness strategy. He uses question and hedging because he does not assume willingness of the hearer to comply. The bolded sentence shows the hedging to minimize the threat toward the speaker. He minimizes the threat so that the hearer will have easier way to choose whether he will comply the request or not. The context of this conversation is in the trial which is when Atticus asks to Mayella about chronology of the crime. America 1930s, slavery era Table 5 Data Sheet D: Off Records Strategies in Lee‟s To Kill A Mockingbird Code Utterances Realization of the Strategy Explanation Setting Context 01OR2209 “You’ve been here all afternoon? Go home with Calpurnia and get your supper —and stay home.” “Aw, Atticus, let us come back,” pleaded Jem. “Please let us hear the verdict, please sir.” Overstate Atticus is using Off Record politeness strategy called overstates. Atticus is exaggerating that the hearer has been in the place for the all afternoon. The context of this conversation in the trial. America 1930s, slavery era 54

D. Data Collecting Technique

To get reliable data, the researcher collected the data by using teknik simak and catat proposed by Sudaryanto. Sudaryanto 1993:133 argues that collecting data can be carried out through metode simak which consists of several basic techniques, namely sadap, libat, cakap, simak bebas libat cakap, rekam and catat. However, not all these technique were used in the study. The techniques used in this research was simak bebas and catat. Simak is watching and reading while Catat is taking note. So, it can be said that this technique focuses on watching and reading and then taking note on the important points needed for further steps. To collect the data, the researcher read and reread the novel entitled To Kill A Mockingbird and took notes on the utterances that contain politeness strategies. The utterances taken as the data were those that happened during the trial in the courtroom in the novel. Second, the data was reread and classified into four types of politeness strategies as described in Chapter II and then wrote the data down on the research instrument table as described in the point C of this chapter. Third, the data were classified according to the politeness strategies, and fourth, the data were prepared the data for the next step, that was analysis.

E. Data Analysis Technique

After collecting the data from the novel, the data were analyzed. There were some activities in analyzing the data. Firstly, utterances containing politeness strategies were classified based on Br own and Levinson‟s politeness