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Septyaningsih, Ani. 2007. “An Analysis of Positive Politeness Strategy in the Film Entitled In Good Company a Pragmatics Study. Skripsi S1. Unpublished. Surakarta: Surakarta State University. Wang, Yuli ng. 2010. “Analyzing Hedges in Verbal Communication: An Adaptation-Based Approach ”. Henan: Henan University of Technology. Wardhaugh, Ronald. 2010. An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. Malden: Wiley Blackwell. Watts, Richard. 2003. Politeness. New York: Cambridge University Press. Weiten, Wayne. 2007. Psychology: Themes and Variations. Belmont: Wadsworth. Yule, George. 1996. Pragmatics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

B. Electronic Sources

Carnage screenplay. http:www.sonyclassics.comawardsinformationscreenplays carnage_screnplay.pdf Retrieved on 20 May 2013 at 3.29 p.m Culpeper, Jonathan, 2009. Impoliteness: Using and Understanding the Language of Offence . ECSR project website: http:www.lancs.ac.ukfassprojectsimpoliteness 89 APPENDICES 90 APPENDIX 1.DATA OF POSITIVE POLITENESS STRATEGIES AS REFLECTED BY THE CHARACTERS IN CARNAGE MOVIE Note: Coding Positive Politeness Strategies PPC001 : Positive PolitenessCarnagedatum number 1 : Noticing, attending to H herhis interests, wants, needs, goods, etc. 2 : Exaggerating interest, approval, sympathy with H Maxim Violation 3 : Intensifying interest to the hearer in the speaker’s contribution QN : violation of quantity maxim 4 : Using in-group identity markers in speech QL : violation of quality maxim 5 : Seeking agreement in safe topics R : violation of relation maxim 6 : Avoiding disagreement M : violation of manner maxim 7 : Presupposing, raising, asserting common ground 8 : Joking to put the hearer at ease 9 : Asserting or presupposing knowledge of and concerning for hearer’s wants 10 : Offering, promising 11 : Being optimistic that the hearer wants what the speake r’s wants 12 : Including both S and H in the activity 13 : Giving or asking for reasons 14 : Asserting reciprocal exchange or tit for tat 15 : Giving gifts to H goods, sympathy, understanding, cooperation CODE DIALOG POSITIVE POLITENESS STRATEGIES MAXIM VIOLATION EXPLANATION 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 QN QL R M PPC 001 ALAN COWAN: Carrying, yeah. MICHAEL LONGSTREET: Carrying a stick. The Longstreets and the Cowans were arranging a statement paper that explained the chronology of their kids ’ fight. While Penelope was typing the statement paper, she made a small talk

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