Type of Research RESEARCH METHODS

14 : asserting reciprocal exchange or tit for tat 15 : giving gifts to H goods, sympathy, understanding, cooperation c. Maxim Violation QN : violation of quantity maxim QL : violation of quality maxim R : violation of relation maxim M : violation of manner maxim

D. Techniques of Collecting Data

To minimize the invalid data, the researcher employed multiple methods in collecting the data. The data collecting techniques used in this research were observation and note-taking. Mahsun in Muhammad 2011:217 states that observation technique is a technique to get the data by observing the use of language. While, note-taking is a technique that allows the researcher to write the data on a data card Mahsun in Muhammad, 2011:211. Therefore, the data of this research were collected by using the following steps. The researcher watched the movie and read the script comprehensively. Then, observation technique was applied to collect the data from the script. After all the data were identified and selected, they were transferred into the data sheet by note-taking technique.

E. Technique of Data Analysis

Patton in Moleong 2002:103 states that data analysis is a process in which the data are organized and classified into a certain category or a basic unit of analysis. The referential identity method was conducted in this research to analyze the data. According to Muhammad 2011:234, it is a technique that enables the researcher to analyze the data by using reference. In this study, the researcher used Brown and Levinson’s 1987 theory of politeness strategies and Grice’s 1975 theory of cooperative principle to analyze the data. After collecting the data completely from the movie, the data was analyzed with the use of a referential method. Such a method analyzes the data in reference to the theory employed in this study. In this research, there were some activities that the researcher had to do to be able to analyze the data correctly. Firstly, the researcher analyzed the context of the situation in the conversation which used the positive politeness strategies. Secondly, she analyzed the types of maxim violation when the positive politeness strategies appear. The last, she counted the data findings to get an actual frequency of the data that will be used to get the conclusions.

F. Trustworthiness of the Data

This research conducted trustworthiness to avoid the subjectivity and to minimize the invalid data. To achieve trustworthiness, this study applied triangulation. Moleong 2004:178 states that triangulation is a technique to crosscheck data trustworthiness by using something outside of the data to verify them. Furthermore, triangulation can be done by crosschecking the data with the other researchers. In this study, the triangulation was conducted by comparing the finding data to the related theories by doing crosschecking with the other researchers. T he researcher’s classmates checked the findings data and the data interpretation through discussions and gave some suggestions about the findings.