Well, in a way, I suppose you’re sort of right. But look at it like People like me and you, Bill, don’t like being pushed around like

hearer wants to do something as the speaker wants. In this case, the hearer cooperated with the speaker because they share same interest. The following sentence exemplifies this strategy: 2:14 I know you’re always glad to get a tip or two on gardening, Fred, so, if I were you, I wouldn’t cut your lawn back so short. Watts, 2003:89 In this utterance, the speaker asks the hearer not to cut his or her lawn back so short. The speaker assumes that the hearer cooperated with him because both of them like gardening. It shows that the speaker has appreciated the hearer and satisfied the hearer’s positive face. 12 Including both S and H in the activity In order to include both the interlocutors in the activity, the speaker can use the pronoun “we”. Thus, the speaker has appreciated the hearer as a member of the same group and safe the hearer’s positive face. The speaker can do this strategy by saying this sentence: 2:15 I’m feeling really hungry. Let’s stop for a bit. Watts, 2003:89 In the provided example, the speaker wants the hearer to stop because he or she wants to eat something. The use of the pronoun “us” in that sentence shows that the speaker includes the hearer in his or her activity. It makes the request more polite because it indicates the cooperation between the speaker and the hearer that the goals not only for the speaker but also for both of them. 13 Giving or asking for reasons The speaker of this strategy shows cooperation with the hearer by giving or asking for reasons. The speaker does this to make his or her wish understandable by the hearer. Therefore, the hearer agrees to help the speaker in making his or her wish. Giving or asking for reasons strategy can be found in this sentence: 2:16 I think you’ve had a bit too much to drink, Jim. Why not stay at our place this evening? Watts, 2003:89 Since the speaker thinks that Jim is drunk, he or she wants Jim to stay at his or her place. The speaker can say directly “Stay at our place this evening.” However, he or she decides to give the suggestion indirectly by asking the reason of why Jim does not stay at his or her place. Therefore, the speaker has satisfied Jim’s positive face. 14 Asserting reciprocal exchange or tit for tat The existence of cooperation between the speaker and the hearer can also be shown by stating mutual exchange. An example of asserting reciprocal exchange or tit for tat strategy is presented below:

2:17 Dad, if you help me with my maths homework, I’ll mow the lawn

after school tomorrow. Watts, 2003:89 It is clearly seen that the speaker and the hearer are cooperated by assuming reciprocity. The speaker and the hearer get their own right. The speaker gets a help from his father to do his or her math homework and the father gets their lawn mowed by the speaker.