Trustworthiness of the Data

Table 2: The Data Findings of Positive Politeness Strategies Uttered by the Characters in Carnage Movie. No Positive Politeness Strategies Frequency Percentage 1 Noticing, attending to H herhis interests, wants, needs, goods, etc. 11 16.42 2 Exaggerating interest, approval, sympathy with H 6 8.95 3 Intensifying interest to the hearer in the speaker’s contribution 2 2.98 4 Using in-group identity markers in speech 8 11.94 5 Seeking agreement in safe topics 4 5.97 6 Avoiding disagreement 6 8.95 7 Presupposing, raising, asserting common ground 5 7.46 8 Joking to put the hearer at ease 3 3.95 9 Asserting or presupposing knowledge of and concerning for hearer’s wants 1 1.49 10 Offering, promising 6 8.95 11 Being optimistic that the hearer wants what the speaker’s wants 2 2.98 12 Including both S and H in the activity 2 2.98 13 Giving or asking for reasons 1 1.49 14 Asserting reciprocal exchange or tit for tat 15 Giving gifts to H goods, sympathy, understanding, cooperation 10 14.92 TOTAL 67 100 As it is drawn in Table 2, there are 67 occurrences of positive politeness strategies in Carnage movie. The findings clearly show that the characters apply most of strategies of positive politeness. The one that they do not apply is the strategy of asserting reciprocal exchange or tit for tat. It is because the characters tend to use the strategy of offering and promising which has similar form with the strategy of asserting reciprocal exchange or tit for tat. In the highest rank, there are two strategies that appear more than 9 times. Those are the strategies of noticing, attending to H herhis interests, wants, needs, goods, etc. and giving gifts to H goods, sympathy, understanding, and cooperation. Those are followed by the strategy of using in-group identity markers in speech in the second rank with 8 data. The third rank is the strategies of exaggerating interest, approval, sympathy with H; avoiding disagreement; and offering, promising which occur in 6 data. Meanwhile, the last rank is covered by the strategies which have the occurrence less than 6 times, those are the strategies of intensifying, interest to the speaker to the hearer in the speaker’s contribution; seeking agreement in safe topics; presupposing, raising, asserting common ground; joking to put the hearer at ease; asserting or presupposing knowledge of and concerning for hearer’s wants; being optimistic that the hearer wants what the speaker’s wants; including both S and H in the activity; and giving or asking for reasons.

2. Maxim Violation when the Characters are Expressing Positive Politeness

The phenomena of maxim violation can be found from the data findings of positive politeness strategies uttered by the characters in Carnage movie. Table 3 below shows the phenomena of maxim violation occurred in the data related to the positive politeness strategies in Carnage movie. Table 3. The Data Findings of Maxim Violation when the Characters are Expressing Positive Politeness Strategies No Maxim Violation Frequency Percentage 1 Violation of quantity maxim 2 Violation of quality maxim 5 23.81 3 Violation of relation maxim 12 57.14 4 Violation of manner maxim 4 19.05 TOTAL 21 100 As it is drawn in Table 3, violation of relation maxim is in the highest rank with 12 data out of the 21 data. In other words, out of the total 100, its percentage is 57.14. It is followed by violation of quality maxim and violation of manner maxim which have the occurrence less than 6 times. Meanwhile, the phenomenon of violation of quantity maxim is not found in the data of this research. It is because the characters tend to give more information than give less information. Giving more information will make the characters violate the maxim of manner, while giving less information will make the characters violate the maxim of quantity. The characters prefer to violate the maxim of manner. Thus, there is no violation of maxim of quantity.

B. Discussion

In this section, the researcher answers the research questions by giving deep explanations using related theories that are previously presented in chapter II. Besides, this section also presents some examples to support the explanations of positive politeness strategies and maxim violation in Carnage movie.