interview is definite. The host Andrew Marr produces question, while the guest David Cameron gives response to the previous questions.
The thesis identifies question realizations in Andrew Marr Show: Interview with David Cameron. It stresses
on the interviewer’s questions and how the host creates particular questions. The types of question realizations consist of initiative,
directness, assertive, and adversarialness Clayman et al, 2006: 565. The first type is indicated by statement prefaces, multiple questions, and follow-up
questions. The parameters of directness are other-referencing and self-referencing question frames. The third type is indcated by preface tilt and negative questions.
Finally, adversarialness is marked by global adversarialness and accountability questions.
The research also reveals how the interviewee answers the questions. The main attention for this focus
is David Cameron’s statements responding to Andrew Marr’s questions. There are three answer strategies investigated in this
thesis. They are roundabout trajectory, minimal answer plus elaboration, and lexical repetition Clayman and Heritage, 2004: 242.
C. Formulation of the Problems
There are two problems proposed in this thesis. They are formulated as follows.
1. How are questions expressed in Andrew Marr Show: Interview with David Cameron?
2. What are the types of answer strategies employed in Andrew Marr Show: Interview with David Cameron?
D. Research Objectives
Based on the formulation of the problems, the objectives of this research are: 1. to identify the types of question realizations in Andrew Marr Show: Interview
with David Cameron, and 2. to examine the answer strategies in Andrew Marr Show: Interview with David
Cameron.
E. Research Significance
The findings of the research practically can be a guideline for people who have passion in broadcasting especially in conducting news interview. By
comprehending the result of this thesis, they will master effective question design in broadcast talks to dig answers from the interviewee. In addition, they can be
able to apprehend the pattern of interviewee’s responses during the interview.
7
CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW
A. Theoretical Background
1. Conversation Analysis CA
Early development of conversation analysis CA was initiated by Thomas Khun in 1962 in his book entitled The Structure of Scientific Revolutions Have,
2007: 7. In the book, Khun suggests CA as a paradigm in conducting sociological research. However, Liddicoat 2007: 2 argues that CA is originated from
ethnomethodological tradition in sociology estabhilsed by Harold Granfkel. The focus of tradition is to interpret how people produce and comprehend common
knowledge and information in their daily interaction. The well-known experts who develop CA are Sacks, Schegloff, and Jefferson.
In early 1960s, CA was established by Sacks. The investigation was started by examining interaction in phone calls focusing on institutional setting. By the late
1960s and early 1970s, Sacks, Schegloff, and Jefferson made collaboration to separate CA from sociology. In addition, they claim that CA does not only cover
‘institutional based’ interaction but also deals with other interaction formats Have, 2007: 7.
Have 2007: 10 argues that CA is a study of ‘language-as-used’ that does not
focus on correct usage like in normative rules. The study has different interactive sources from speakers. As a consequence, the natural situation to investigate CA
is oral language. In addition, Hutchby and Wooffit 2008: 11 agree that CA deals with identification of action patterns in conversation. The argument is also
