Conversation Analysis CA Theoretical Background

On the other hand, if those first parts are responded by rejections, declinings, and disagreements, it is form of dispreferred response. Joy : Now you see, she will not talk about it. Harry : Yeah. Well, I do not remember much about it, but you know perhaps, you are a bit hard on her. Joy : Perhaps. In the dialogues, Joy tells about her problem. After Joy talks about it, Harry shows the response by saying ‘yeah’ in the first sentence. The word indicates mitigated criticism of Joy’s behavior. Harry’s response to Joy’s statement is categorized as dispreferred. It can be explained that Harry’s answer is not adequate to Joy’s utterance. c. Repairs According to Liddicoat 2007: 11, repairs deal with problems in interaction in which speakers can make corrections. In other term, repairs can be replaced by ‘typological amplification’ proposed by Sacks, Schegloff, and Jefferson in Hayashi, Raymon, and Sidnell 2013: 9. They claim that the term is used because not all problems in conversation are corrected by the speakers. In addition, repairs appear in the circumstances in which speakers do not make problem Liddicoat, 2007: 172. It can be understood by the case when individual tries to search word when it is needed, but it is not available. The classification of repairs that proposed by Shcegloff, Jefferson, and Sacks via Hutchby and Wooffitt 2008: 60 contains four models. They are self-initiated self-repair, other-initiated self-repair, self-initiated other-repair, and other-initiated other-repair. The first model occurs when the individuals make problem in interaction, they solve by themselves. The second model refers to the recipient of a trouble source gets the speaker to correct the trouble. The third focuses on the speaker who indicates the problem, but the recipient carries out it. The last concerns on both the speaker and the recipient who arise the problem, both of them fix it. Anna : Oh so then he is coming back on Thur on Tuesday . Anna’s utterance is called self-repair. When she speaks ‘Thur’, she actually means Tuesday. In that sentence, she identifies herself as the problem source then she fixes it by saying ‘Tuesday’. The problem that she made is repairable. Since there is no other speakers make co rrection about Anna’s problem, it is categorized as self-initiated self-repair. d. Adjacency Pairs According to Schegloff 2007: 13, there are several features of adjacency pairs in CA. Firstly, adjacency pairs are composed by two turns from different speakers. Next, the two turns are distinguished into first pair parts FPPs and second pair parts SPPs. FPPs are expressions that initiate some exchange while SPPs are actions responding to the FPPs. Both turns are adjacently placed which means one after the other. Finally, adjacency pairs are pair-type related. It means that not every SPP can appropriately follow the FPP. The pair-type related of adjacency pairs can be explained by exchanges such as greeting-greeting, question-answer, and offer-acceptdecline. Amy : Would you like to come over tomorrow night? Jane : Yeah. That will be nice. The action initiated by Amy is called FPP. The form of FPP is an invitation. Amy’s utterance demonstrates that she wants to invite Jane somewhere on