Type of the Study
comparison, categorization, conceptualization, and explanation. Although Dey 2005: 3 agrees that data analysis is a circular process, he suggests that the
process covers describing, connecting, and classifying. In addition, VanderStoep and Johnston 2009: 200-201 mention several methods in analyzing the data.
They are ethnography, phenomenology, case study, applied research, and textual analysis.
In analyzing the data, the researcher employed textual analysis and content analysis. Textual analysis, according to VanderStoep and Johnstion 2009:2010-
213, is a process of identification and interpretation of a set of verbal and non- verbal signs. In this method, the role of the researcher is as the interpreter of
selected texts. According to Flick, Kardoff, and Steinke 2004: 266, content analysis is a technique derived from communication sciences. In addition, this
technique can be used systematically to analyze broadcasting program Hesse- Biber and Leavy, 2011: 228.
The procedures in analyzing the data by employing content analysis were explained by the following sentences. Based on the research questions, the
researcher gave the definition and other criteria about the categories of the data. In the next stage, the data were analyzed and classified by using that theory. To gain
the clarity, the interpreted data in first phase were revised and clarified by triangulators. Finally, the data interpretation could be reported. In this stage, the
research also employed quantification for each category to support the qualitative explanation of the data.