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2. The Concept of Language Learning
According to Harmer, there are two approaches in teaching languages, there are: deductive and inductive approach. In a deductive approach, students are given
explanations or grammar rules they make pharases and sentences using the new language. In a inductive approach, things happen the other way round. In the other
words, instead of going from the rules to the examples, students see examples of language and try to work out the rules
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. In the teaching and learning activities, the approach taken by teacher was make manifold students activity, for example, in a
deductive approach, this approach involves gathering activities and then make generalizations and conclusions.
The point here is using the approach put forward examples that relate to the subject matter ranging from particular to students and students can thinks, so would make
general conclusions with regard to these examples. It can guide students, study, know for sure important principle or fact contained in any subject matter. In this way,
students easy to remember and understand what teacher say, because teaching content with making a general theory or conclusions of the students easy remembrance and
apply it. The second approach is a deductive approach. Deductive approach can be interpreted as something that begins teaching approach of a description of the
materials studied and then followed by application to the above specific examples. Teacher give examples from materials to students and teaching the students until they
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Jeremy Harmer, How to Teach English, Longman, Harlow, Ed.7, 2007, P.81.
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solving in the lesson. Sometimes the deductive approach is also used to get new conclusions from the subject matter is known. The point here is of a particular subject
matter, the students can understand something new. They might get a new idea of the material they have learned. In this deductive approach, the teacher tells the students
objectively at the beginning rankings. Students guided remember the material pertaining to allow them to get a new conclusion. Both of approaches will create
different teaching and learning activities and with different degrees of success. Basically these two approaches are better to used, depending on how the teacher
applied in the classroom. Deductive approach where teacher make conclusions after teaching could make students easy to remember the material provided by the teacher
and the inductive approach where teacher given some examples of the material provided make students thing or write the conclusions from explanations of teacher,
because in different approaches used by teacher was generated ability of different students.
B. Concept of Speaking
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