21 Intensive is a type of speaking that one step above imitative because intensive is
speaking independently by forming their own sentences. Responsive is an activity when someone speaks and the second person to understand what people are talking
first and then give an answer or reaction to what is being said. Transactional are exchanging information activities undertaken by two or more persons as to tell others
about something and receive information about something anyway. Interpersonal is speaking activities to interact with other people and environment by sharing
information. Extensive is broadly speaking activities and directly, for example speech.
Types of speaking can be explained by the activities that most low to high, there are, imitative intensive responsive transactional interpersonal and extensive. All types of
speaking directly related to our fellow human beings to be able to understand, appreciate and respond or respond to a conversation or information.
3. Elements of Speaking
Harmer states that the ability to speak English presupposes the elements necessary for spoken production as follows:
1 Language Features The elements necessary for spoken production are the following:
22 a. Connected speech: in connected speech, sounds are modified assimilation,
omitted elision, added linking, or weakenend through contractions and stress patterning. It is for this reason that we should Involved students in
activities designed specifically to improve reviews their speech connected. b. Expressive devices: native speakers of English change the pitch and stress of a
particular part of utterance, vary the volume and speed, and show by other physicial and non - verbal paralinguistic means how they are feeling. The
use of this devices contribute to the ability to convey meanings. c. Lexis and grammar: teacher should therefore supply a variety of phrases for
different functions such as agreeing or disagreeing, expressing surprise, shock or approval,
d. Negotiation language: speaking effective negotiator benefits from the language we use to seek clarification and show the structure of what we are
saying. Often we need to ask for clarification when we are listening to someone else talks and it is very crucial for students.
2 Mental Social Process Success of the speakers productivity is also dependent upon the rapid processing skill
that necessitates talking. a. Language processing: language processing involves the retrieval of words and
their assembly into sintactically and propositionally appropirate sequences.
23 b. Interacting with others: effective speaking involves also a good deal of
listening and understanding of how the others of participants are feeling and knowledge of how linguistically to take turns or allow others to do so.
c. On the spot information processing: quite apart from our response to others feelings, also we need to process the information they tell us the moment we
get it
24
. The elements of the language according to Harmer can be concluded that the teacher
is very important in terms of speech to make students understand and know how to make a good speech, teacher must provide a wide variety of words as means to
comment students and provide a feedback or praise. Pronunciation and pressure are also important to be addressed properly and smoothly, so that the listener understands
express what he would convey properly. Students are also required to understand what they are going to say, because when conveying what a student is to be conveyed
to the other student, the listener can understand the intent and purpose conveyed by the speaker.
4. Indicators of Speaking Ability
