19 although fluency is not the main thing in speaking but in these must always be the
fluency, high - low tone, slower and faster then we are speaking. Comprehension is the last thing that is studied in speaking skill, how well the level comprehension
someone to communication language used certainly needed because in speaking there is definitely more than one person, one person as the speaker and the other as a
listener, as a person who listens understanding is needed to understand what the speaker was talking about in order to avoid misscommunication.
2. Types of Speaking
According to Brown, there are six types of speaking: 1. Imitative
Imitative is a very limited portion of classroom speaking time may legitimately be spent generating human speech recorder tape, for example, learners practice an
intonation contour or try to pinpoint a Certain vowel sound. Imitation of this kind is Carried out not for the purpose of meaningful interaction, but for focusing on some
particular element of language form. The second is intensive. Intensive speaking goes one step beyond.
2. Intensive Intensive speaking goes one step beyond imitative to include any speaking
performance that is designed to practice some phonological or grammatical aspect of
20 language. Intensive speaking can be self-initiated or it can even form part of some
pair work activity, where leaners are going over certain forms of language. 3. Responsive
A good deal of student speech in thw classroom is responsive, short replies are usually sufficient and do not extend into dialogues.
4. Transactional dialogue This is carried out for the purpose of conveying or exchanging spesific information, is
an extended form of responsive language. 5. Interpersonal dialogue
The other form of conversation mentioned in the previous chapter was interpersonal dialogue, carried out more for the purpose of maintaining social relationships than for
the transmission of facts and information. 6. Extensive monologue
Students at intermediate to advanced levels are called on to give extended monologues in the form of oral reports, summaries or perhaps short speeches. Here
the register is more formal and deliberative. These monologues can be planned or impromptu.
23
Based on the types speaking by Brown, Imitative which mimics the activity of a speech, usually mimic talks conducted by elementary school students who do not
know much about speaking in English, so they are taught the most basic things first.
23
H.Douglas Brown, Teaching by Principles an Interactive Approach to Language Pedagogy, Addison Wesley Longman, San Francisco, 2001, Ed.2, P.271.
21 Intensive is a type of speaking that one step above imitative because intensive is
speaking independently by forming their own sentences. Responsive is an activity when someone speaks and the second person to understand what people are talking
first and then give an answer or reaction to what is being said. Transactional are exchanging information activities undertaken by two or more persons as to tell others
about something and receive information about something anyway. Interpersonal is speaking activities to interact with other people and environment by sharing
information. Extensive is broadly speaking activities and directly, for example speech.
Types of speaking can be explained by the activities that most low to high, there are, imitative intensive responsive transactional interpersonal and extensive. All types of
speaking directly related to our fellow human beings to be able to understand, appreciate and respond or respond to a conversation or information.
3. Elements of Speaking
