14 If the request is short, the noun may also follow the request –open the
door, Robert.
27
d. Advice forms
28
1. Must, ought to and should can be used for advice: Example
: you must read this book 2. You had better + infinitive without to:
Example : you’d better take off your wet shoes
3. If I were you I shouldwould Example
: if I were you I’d buy a small car. 4. Why don’t you …..? can be either advice or suggestion
5. It is time you + past tense Example
: it is time you bought a new coat. 6. By using don’t…..
Example : don’t forget your mother’s day
29
e. Direction, example: Go left at the next corner
Could you tell me how to get to the post office? f.
Prohibition , it is often indicated by means of brief announcement, e g
with no and a gerund.
30
and it also can use don’t. Example
: No smoking Smoking not allowed.
Parking prohibited between 8 am and 6 pm Don’t pick the flowers.
g. Warning, example: Watch out h. Procedures, example: add a teaspoon of baking powder to the flour
i. Invitation
, this is always a question. It requires an answer like yes or no.
31
Example: Would you like to go to the movies?
27
Marcella Frank, Modern English :A Practical Reference Guide, New York: Prentice- Hall, inc, 1972, p.58.
28
A. J. Thomson and A. V. Martinet, A Practical English Grammar: third edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1981, p.249.
29
Marianne Celce-Murcia, and Diane Larsen Freeman, The Grammar Book: An ESLEFL Teacher’s Course: second edition, New York: Heinle and Heinle Publishers, inc. 1999, pp.234.
30
A S Hornby, Guide To Patterns and Usage in English :second edition, New York: Oxford University Press, 1975, p.195.
31
Robert Krohn, English Sentence Structure, USA: The University of Michigan, 1971, p.66.
15 j.
Threats , example : Watch your step
k. Wishes, the use of wish in such contexts often indicates that the
speaker cannot or does not expect to exact obedience.
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Example : I wish you’d be quite.
B. Total Physical Responses TPR 1. The Definition of TPR
