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CHAPTER II THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
This chapter presents the definition of imperative sentences, the form of imperative sentences, the uses of imperative sentences. The definition of Total
Physical Response TPR, the design of TPR such as: the objectives, the syllabus, the teacher’s role, the learner’s role, and the activities. Then, it presents the
principle of TPR, the advantages and the disadvantages of TPR, the relevant study, the conceptual development of action and the action hypothesis.
A. Imperative Sentences
1. The Definition of Imperative Sentence
According to Murcia and Freeman imperatives are commands, also known as directives, whose function is to get someone to do
something.
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Swan states imperative has exactly the same form as the infinitive without to; it is used for giving orders, making suggestions,
and encouraging people to do things
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According to Azar, imperative sentences are used to give commands, make polite requests, and give directions.
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4
Marianne Celce-Murcia and Diane Larsen Freeman, The Grammar Book: An ESLEFL Teacher’s Course: second edition, New York: Heinle and Heinle Publishers, inc. 1999, p.232.
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Michael Swan, Practical English Usage, New York: Oxford University Press, 1980, p.314.
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Betty Schrampfer Azar, Fundamentals of English Grammar, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice hall, 1985, p.70.
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imperative sentences are sentences that request the person we are speaking to do or not to do something, or imperatives sentences are
sentences that used by someone to give commands, request, directions etc to other people for doing something.
A command is usually a sentence with an imperative verb, the base form of the verb, without endings for number or tense. Leech and
Svartvik distinguish commands into two types: 1. 2
nd
person commands, example: shut the door. 2. 1
st
and 3
rd
person commands, 1
st
person command begin with let me in the singular, or let’s in the plural, example: let me have a
look at your essay, let’s go and eat.
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According to Thomson and Martinet commands expressed by the imperative divided into three kinds:
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1. The second person imperative, this has the same form as the infinitive without to, example: Hurry Wait Stop
2. The first person imperative Form: let us let’s + infinitive without to: Let’s wait for Bill.
3. The third person imperative Form: let himheritthem+ infinitive without to: Let them go by train
Based on the explanations above the researcher concludes that commands can be used in three ways, they are: command of the first
person, command of the second person and command of the third person.
2. The Form of Imperative Sentence
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