31
I. The Data and Source of Data 1. Data
Data in this study were about the observation of the data and the research of the data. Observation of the data is the data which is used to
control the acting that was in line with the planning and the result. Meanwhile, the research of the data is about the students’ ability in using
imperative sentences.
2. Source of Data
Source of data in this study was the VII grade students of MTs. Islamiyah Sawangan, academic year 20102011. They consisted of 24
students, 11 girls and 13 boys.
J. The Instrument of Data Collection
The instruments of data collection that is used by the researcher are: first, test. It was used to know the students’ achievement in understanding imperative
sentences, the teacher gave 3 tests, they are pre-test, post-test after cycle 1, and post-test after cycle 2. The items were consisted of 20 items in multiple choices.
Second, observation, it was conducted before and after implementation of Classroom Action Research CAR, in doing this observation the researcher
prepared structured form of observation for each cycle, and the observer gave the score by choosing “yes or no”. If he chose “yes” so the score is one 1. To know
the percentage result of this observation, the researcher used the formula: See the appendix.
The result of Percentage : Items number X 100
Maximum score Third, interview, it was conducted before and after
implementation of CAR. The interview that was conducted before implementation of CAR are to know the condition and problem in
teaching grammar, the students difficulties in learning grammar, the teacher s solution and method that used in teaching grammar.
32 And the interview that was conducted after implementation of CAR
are to know the success of using TPR, the teacher s opinion about the method, the teacher s feeling after knew the students result,
the teacher s motivation for using TPR in teaching imperative sentences. See the appendix. Finally, field note, it was used to
observe and to know the activities of teacher and students in teaching learning process. They were about the class situation, the
students participants and the students pronunciations.
K. The technique of Collecting Data
All kinds of researches need the data to support the investigation. This study used some appropriate techniques based on the students’ condition and
environment. Techniques of collecting data used in this study are qualitative data experience-based, it consists of observation, interview and field note. Next
quantitative data number-based, it consists pre-test and post-test, the completely explanation as follows:
1. Observation
The observer conducted the observation directly toward English teaching and learning-process in MTs. Islamiyah Sawangan 20102011 Academic Year
before implementing of The classroom action research to know the students’ and teacher’s problem in teaching learning process. The writer observed students’
understanding in learning imperative sentences and the method that used by the English teacher in teaching learning process.
2. Interview
The interview was conducted before doing an action, in order to know the information about condition and problem in teaching and leaning activities. And it
also was done after accomplishing CAR to get data about success of implementation TPR in teaching imperative sentences. First interview was
33 conducted to the English teacher on Wednesday 28
th
July 2010, and the second interview was conducted on 3
rd
September 2010.
3. Field notes
Field notes are used to observe and to know the situation and the activities during the teaching and learning process, such as how the teachers carry out the
material and the students’ response. In this study, there were three components that the researcher would observe, they were:
a. The Class Situation
If there were a lot of students enthusiastically raising their hands when she asked them, she would conclude that they gave much attention to her
explanation during the study.
b. The Participation of the Students
If the students did what the teacher ordered, she would conclude that they were motivated to be active.
c. The pronunciation of the Students
If the students could pronounce the vocabulary given in the last of each cycle better than in the beginning of each cycle, she would conclude that they
were in progress.
4. Test
Test is used for getting data of study result and student’s activity in teaching and learning. The researcher used pre-test and post-test in this study. The
pre-test is done before implementing TPR method, the researcher gave 20 items, it consists of 20 items in multiple choices. Meanwhile, the post-test is done after
implementing TPR method. The students would be tested by giving them 20 items; it consists of 20 items in multiple-choice. And it was conducted on every
second action of each cycle.
34 The aims of using these techniques above were to know the students’
responses during the activities, to support the action research, and to find out what extent was the students’ achievement in learning imperative sentences using Total
Physical Response and their progress.
L. The technique of Data Analysis
The researcher used qualitative data in this study; it consists of observation of student’s activities in teaching learning process, interview which is done before
and after implementation of CAR and field note. The researcher tried to get the mean of student’s score in learning imperative sentences in analyzing the
numerical data, it is used to know how far and well the student’s score for each cycle, and the teacher will know how far the students understand and mastery
about the material that has been taught. It is done by the teacher per action within each cycle. It used the formula:
53
X = x n
X = Mean
x = Individual score
n = numbers of students.
After that the researcher tried to get the class percentages which pass the KKM 65 sixty five. It used the formula:
54
P = F X 100
N P
= The class percentage F
= Total Percentage score N = Number of students
53
Sudjana, Metode Statistika, Bandung: PT. Tarsito, 2002, p.67.
54
Anas Sudjono, Pengantar Statistis Pendidikan, Jakarta: PT. Raja Grafindo Persada, 2008, p.43.
35 Finally, after getting mean of student’s score per action, the researcher
analyzed the student’s improvement score from post- test in each cycle. In analyzing that, the researcher used the formula:
55
P = y1-y X 100
y
P = Percentage of student’s improvement
y = Pre-test result
y1 = Post-test 1
P = y2-y X 100
y
P = Percentage of student’s improvement
y = Pre-test result
y2 = Post-test 2
M. The Trustworthiness of Study
Kategori