E. Instrument and Data Collection of the Research
In collecting the data, the instrument that the writer used was tests, which were pre-test and post-test that administered to XI AK class and XI MM class.
After five times of meetings, the writer gave post-test, which had the same questions with the pre-test, also to both classes. Then the writer compared the
scores of the pre-test and post-test of experimental class and controlled classes. The writer used the same questions for pre-test and post-test See
appendix in order to measure the gained score. Besides, the limitation of the time and saving cost are the consideration of the writer to choose the same questions
for both pre-test and post-test. The test consists of 30 items of multiple choice, which also examined its validity and reliability. Validity is desribed as the degree
to which a research study measures what it intends to measure. In order to check the validity of the instrument in this research, the writer used content validity.
According to J.B Heaton, in this kind of validity, the test should be well constructed and contains a representative sample of a course. The test also should
has relationship between the test items and the course objectives.
3
In measuring the content validity of the research instrument, the writer, first draw up list, which describes particular language skills and areas which will
be included in the test. It is important to make the list in order to ensure that the test is assessed in suitable proportion, reflecting all areas according to the
syllabus. The result of the content validity shows that the test items are in line with the standard competency, basic competency and the indicator. It means that
the test is suitable with the course objective and it fulfils the requirement of the content validity. It can be seen in the table 3.1 in the next page:
________________________
3
J.B. Heaton, Writing English Language Tests, New York: Longman, Inc., 1995, p.160.
Table 3.1 The Validity of the Instrument
Standar Kompetensi
Kompetensi Dasar
Skill Indikator
Nomor soal Berkomuni
kasi dengan bahasa
Inggris setara level
elementary Merinci tugas
pekerjaan dan latar
belakang pendidikan
yang dimilikinya
secara lisan dan tulisan
Writing
speaking Siswa
mampu membuat
kalimat simple
past tense dan
mengung kapkann
ya dengan
tepat untuk
meneran gkan
latar belakang
pendidik an
berbagai macam
profesi 6. Dony .... his study at
Harvard University
last year, and now he becomes a
manager in an advertising company.
a. Finish b. Finished
c. Had finished d. Finishes
e. finishing
This table is taken from the English syllabus for the second grade of Vocational School
Kategori