B. Identification of the Problem
1. Learning grammar is important for students.
2. Students have difficulties in learning the simple past tense.
3. The teacher‟s explanation makes the students feel unclear towards the
tense. 4.
The students need a better way of explanation from the teacher to motivate them in learning the simple past tense.
5. Contextual Teaching and Learning CTL can help students to
comprehend the tense.
C. Limitation of the Problem
To focus the research and to clarify the problem, it is necessary to make limitation of the problem. In this case, the writer limits the problem
related to teaching method used by teachers. In this study, using Contextual Teaching and Learning in teaching the simple past tense, that is by relating
the teaching materials to students‟ real life situation.
D. Research Question
Based on the background of the problem above, the writer decided to answer the following research question:
“Is there any significant influence using Contextual Teaching and Learning in teaching the simple past tense at the second grade students of SMK
Bintang Nusantara, Tangerang Selatan?”
E. Purpose of the Study
The purpose of this study is to find whether or not using Contextual Teaching and Learning is effective in teaching the simple past tense.
E. Significance of the Study
This study is expected to give some benefits for everyone, especially for all english teachers, for students, for the next researchers, and also for the writer
herself. 1.
English Teachers It is hoped that the English teachers can get a better way in teaching the
simple past tense, especially for the vocational schools teachers, by using Contextual Teaching and Learning.
2. Students
Hopefully the students of vocational schools can be helped in learning the simple past tense, by the Contextual Teaching and Learning.
CHAPTER II THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
A. Simple Past Tense 1. Definition of the Simple Past Tense
Simple past tense is a tense which explains the condition or activites that already happened. It is used to talk about completed past events and activities.
This tense is also used to talk about actions or situations in the past. The simple
past tense can be identified by an adverbial time in the sentence, the preceding language context or the context oustide language, which refers to a certain time in
the past.
1
“In simple past tense, it often uses an expression such as last week, at the weekend, in 1972, 3 years ago, or when we were on holiday to make it clear
that the period of time is finished.”
2
These are some expression of past time which specify the time in the past when an action was completed which is often used:
Taken from: Elaine Kirn, Darcy Jack, Jill Korey O‟Sullivan, Interactions 1 Grammar.
________________________
1
Geoffrey Leech Jan Svartvik, A Communicative Grammar of English , Essex: Pearson Education, 2002, p. 69.
2
Martin Parrot, Grammar for English Language Teachers, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010, p. 219.
.
Yesterday last year
next The day before yesterday
in 1998 the next day
Yesterday morning in April 1992
after that Yesterday afternoon
on November 15 at 3:00
Yesterday evening on Tuesday
a few minutes ago Last night
a year ago a week later
Last Monday a long time ago
then Last week
6
It also implies a gap between the time reffered to and the present moment. The simple past indicates that an activity or situation began and ended at a
praticular time in the past.
3
From the definitions above, it shows that the simple past tense is used to tell or describe events, actions, or states which already
happened in the past with a definite time and completed before the statement is made.
2. Form of the Simple Past Tense
There are several forms of the simple past tense of regular verb, those are : 1.
Affrimative For regular verbs use the formula :
2. Negative
For negative form in regular past tense verb, use formula:
See the examples of affirmative sentences in the simple past tense form in table 2.1, below:
Table 2.1 Examples
Notes Affirmative
He helped her paint her kitchen. I stayed up late last night.
We listened to music after dinner. The children played games in the
living room. All regular verbs
take an –ed ending
in the past tense. This form is used for
all subjects, both singular and plural.
Taken from: Elaine Kirn, Darcy Jack, Jill Korey O‟Sullivan, Interactions 1 Grammar.
________________________
3
Betty Schrampfer Azar, Understanding and Using English Grammar, New York: Longman, 1999, p. 27.
Subject + verb + -ed
Subject + did + not + verb
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