M
x
: Mean of the Difference of Experiment Class M
y
: Mean of the Difference of Controlled Class SE
MX
: Standard Error of Experiment Class SM
MY
: Standard Error of Controlled Class X
: Teaching Simple Past Tense with CTL in Experiment Class
Y : Teaching Simple Past Tense with conventional method
in Control Class. The procedures of calculation were as follow :
a. determining Mean of Variable X, the formulation is :
M
x
=
1 N
X
b. Determining Mean of Variable Y, the formulation is :
M
y
=
2
N Y
c. Determining Standard of Deviation Score of Variable X, the formulation
is: SD
x
=
1 2
N x
d. Determining Standard of Deviation Score of Variable Y, the formulation
is: SD
y
=
2 2
N y
e. Determining Standard Error of Mean of Variable X, the formulation is :
SE
MX
= 1
1
N
SD
X
f. Determining Standard of Error of Mean of Variable Y, the formulation is :
SE
MY
= 1
2
N
SD
Y
g. Determining Standard Error of Different Mean of Variable X and Variable
Y, with formulation : SEM
x
-M
y
=
2 2
MY MX
SE SE
h. Determining Standard of Different Mean of Variable X and Variable Y,
with formulation : t
o
=
MY MX
Y X
SE M
M
i. Determining t-table in significance level 5 with degree of freedom df :
Df = N1-N2 -2
G. The Statistical Hypothesis
Hypothesis is a prediction made by a researcher about the outcome of the research; a researcher‟s statement of hisher expectations about the relationship
among the variables in the research topic.
5
This research is designed to find out whether there is an influence of Contextual Teaching and Learning in teaching the
simple past tense. In order to get the answer of that hypothesis, the writer proposes alternative hypothesis H
a
and null hypothesis H
o
which is linked to the following statistical hypothesis:
If t-
test
t
o
t-
table
t
t
in significant degree of 0.05, null hypothesis H
o
is rejected.
If t-
test
t
o
t-
table
t
t
in significant degree of 0.05, null hypothesis H
o
is accepted.
Meanwhile, df = N1-N2 – 2 = 20+20 -2 = 38
It must be consulted with t-table of df. If df 38, the value is the significance level at 5 is 1.68.
________________________
5
L. R. Gay, et al, Educational Research: Competencies for Analysis and Applications, New Jersey: Pearson, 2009, p. 71.
CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDING
A. Data Description
This chapter reported the research findings, which were presented in the table of pre-test scores, post-test scores and the gained scores. The writer also
gave brief description of each table. Score of the pre-test will be firstly presented, followed by the scores of post-test and the last gained scores. The writer also
describes the statistical description of the scores, such as the minimum of the score, the maximum score, the mean score, the median score, and the mode score
from both classes.
1. Pre-test Scores
The pre-test scores of experimental class and controlled class are presented in table 4.1, below. There are 20 students in each class.
Table 4.1 Scores of the Pre-test
Students X Pre-test Scores of the
Experimental Class Pre-test Scores of the
Controlled Class 1
50 57
2 36
36 3
33 26
4 53
63 5
33 43
6 50
83
34
