2.3.2.2. Computer Based Testing CBT
The CBT is a computer-adaptive test that is offered as an official standard for language proficiency worldwide.
The CBT is also called the Official TOEFL. The Computer- Based TOEFL has four sections: Listening, Structure,
Writing, and Reading. The Writing is equivalent to the Test of Written English TWE on the Paper-Based TOEFL. The
CBT is an adaptive test, which means that everyone who takes the TOEFL during the same administration may not
see and answer the same questions. The computer selects questions for you at your level of proficiency. There are
three subscores-Listening, Structurewriting, and Reading. The total score is based on a scale of 0-300 Sharpe, 2004:
11. Dalam Computer Based Testing CBT, waktu yang
digunakan untuk menyelesaikan tes adalah: 1.
Listening Comprehension 40-60 menit. Jumlah soal berkisar antara 30-50 soal.
2. Structure grammar 15-20 menit. Jumlah soal
berkisar antara 20-25 soal. 3.
Reading Comprehension 70-90 menit. Jumlah soal berkisar antara 44-60 soal.
4. Writing 30 menit. Menulis sebuah esai sesuai dengan
topik yang telah ditentukan Philips, 2001: xiv.
2.3.2.3. Internet Based Testing iBT
The TOEFL iBT is a new version of the TOEFL test. It is an Internet-based test iBT delivered in secure testing
centers around the world. The new TOEFL iBT test in scheduled to be phased in from September 2005 through
June 2006. The phase-in date for the United States is September 2005; for Canada, France, Germany, and Italy,
it is October 2005. Educational Testing Service, 2006: 1 Dalam Internet Based Testing IBT, yang berbeda
adalah adanya soal Speaking, yang menggunakan headset dan mic. Waktu yang digunakan untuk menyelesaikan tes
adalah: 1.
Reading Comprehension 60-100 menit, dengan 3-5 bagian, masing-masing terdiri dari 12-14 soal.
2. Listening 60-90 menit, dengan 4-6 lectures, masing-
masing 6 soal dan 2-3 percakapan, masing-masing 5 soal.
3. Speaking 20 menit, dengan 6 tugas; 2 yang bersifat
independen dan 4 yang terintegrasi.
4. Writing 50 menit, dengan 2 tugas; 1yang bersifat
independen dan 1 yang terintegrasi Educational Testing Service, 2006: 6.
2.3.3. Institutional TOEFL
The lnstitutional TOEFL is the same length, format, and difficulty as the official Paper-Based TOEFL, but the dates and the
purposes of the lnstitutional TOEFL are different from those of the official TOEFL. The dates for the lnstitutional TOEFL usually
correspond to the beginning of an academic session on a college or university calendar. The lnstitutional TOEFL is used for admission,
placement, eligibility, or employment only at the school or agency that offers the test. The scores are not valid outside the place where
they are administered, but the college or institution accepts the PBT that they administer as an official score. Sharpe, 2004: 12.
2.4. Konsep Web
Web adalah sistem dengan standar yang diterima secara universal untuk menyimpan, menelusuri, memformat, dan menampilkan informasi
melalui arsitektur klienserver. Web bisa menerima semua jenis informasi digital, termasuk teks, hipermedia, grafis, dan suara. Web menggunakan
anatrmuka pengguna grafis, sehinga sangat mudah digunakan. Web didasari oleh bahasa hiperteks standar yang disebut Hypertext
Markup Language HTML, yang memformat dokumen dan memadukan
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