communicate with each other. They also can share their vocabulary or search for new vocabulary in dictionary together effectively. However by making students
work in group help teacher to teach in big class because it is easier for teacher to monitor students in groups rather than to monitor students individually.
Based on the explanation above and the previous study, the writer used Teams-Games-Tournament to teach descriptive text. As said above, TGT is one of
cooperative teaching techniques that combines classroom presentation, team work, games, and tournament that can help teachers teach in the large class. It also
has many uses and it can help students to increase academic achievement.
F. Research Hypotheses
Based on the theory and the previous study, the research hypothesis is there is effectiveness of using TGT Teams-Games-
Tournament on students‟ reading comprehension on descriptive text at eighth grade of SMPN 166 Jakarta.
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
A. Method and Design
This research was quantitative research. Moreover, it used Quasi- experimental design. Quasi-experimental design is a design that does not use
random assignment. It means the researcher cannot randomly assign participants to groups because the researcher cannot create group for the experiment
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quasi- experimental design uses pretest and posttest to both controlled class and
experimental class. The researchers teach two classes. First in the experimental class researcher used TGT as technique of teaching reading of descriptive text,
while in controlled class researcher didn‟t use TGT as technique of teaching
reading descriptive text. The design can be figured as follow:
Table 3.1 Research Design
Group Pre-Test
Treatment Post-Test
Experimental Class X
Controlled class -
O = measurement X = Treatment given
There are two variables in this research, independent variable and the dependent variable. The independence variable in this research was TGT
technique and dependent variable in this research was students reading comprehension on descriptive text.
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Jack R. Frankel, Norman E. Wallen, and Helen H. Hyun, How to Design and Evaluate in Research Education, New York; McGraw-Hill, 2012, p. 275.
