CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
A. Method and Design
This research was quantitative research. Moreover, it used Quasi- experimental design. Quasi-experimental design is a design that does not use
random assignment. It means the researcher cannot randomly assign participants to groups because the researcher cannot create group for the experiment
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quasi- experimental design uses pretest and posttest to both controlled class and
experimental class. The researchers teach two classes. First in the experimental class researcher used TGT as technique of teaching reading of descriptive text,
while in controlled class researcher didn‟t use TGT as technique of teaching
reading descriptive text. The design can be figured as follow:
Table 3.1 Research Design
Group Pre-Test
Treatment Post-Test
Experimental Class X
Controlled class -
O = measurement X = Treatment given
There are two variables in this research, independent variable and the dependent variable. The independence variable in this research was TGT
technique and dependent variable in this research was students reading comprehension on descriptive text.
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Jack R. Frankel, Norman E. Wallen, and Helen H. Hyun, How to Design and Evaluate in Research Education, New York; McGraw-Hill, 2012, p. 275.
B.
Place and Time
This research was conducted to 8
th
grade of SMPN 166 South Jakarta in which located at Jl. Kedondong No. 5 Jagakarsa South Jakarta on November
2016. This research was done for 6 meetings both in experimental and controlled
class. First meeting is used for pretest. And second, third, four and five meetings were used for treatment. Therefore, the last meeting was used as posttest to both
experimental and controlled class.
C. Population and Sample
The population of this study was students of eighth grade in SMPN 166 Jakarta. The eighth grade was divided into seven classes, a number of each class
was 36 students. They were VIII.1-VIII.7. Purposive sampling was sampling technique used in this research.
Purposive sampling is technique sampling that select sample based on personal judgment of previous knowledge and purpose of research.
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This technique was used because it was appropriate to the research. The information and the data from
teacher was used to choose which classes that have homogeny type. Based on data and judgment from the teacher of two classes were chosen
as sample of this study. They are VIII-4 and VIII-5. Moreover based on pre-test, both classes were homogenous. VIII-5 was chosen as experimental class and VIII
4 as Controlled class. The class of VIII-5 consists of 36 students but there is 1 student who cannot join the research, so there are 35 students in Experimental
class.in addition, the class of VIII-4 consisted of 36 students but there was 1 student who could not join the research, so there were 35 students in controlled
class.
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Ibid., p. 100.
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