Identification of the Problem

that the reading process is process interacting and reconstructing with what a writer tries to communicate. 13 Based on the definition, it can be said that a reader should understand what a writer wants to say. In order to do that reader should anticipate or predict what the message that wants to be communicated by the writer. Moreover a reader needs enough background to contact with a writer. It is like a process of communication which the message of the writer that should be received correctly by the reader. In addition, Grabe and Stoller added that “Reading is the ability to draw meaning f rom printed page and interpret the information appropriately.” 14 Similar to the definition above reading is not only getting the meaning but also interpreting it appropriately in order to know what the writer means. Moreover, reading is a process of thinking which requires responses on the part of the reader. When reading, a reader can make different generalization, draw new inferences and plan new next steps on the basis of it. 15 The next level of reader not only interpret the meaning but also make different generalization that has the same message with text, make conclusion, or predict what the next passage. It is a response to a thinking process that readers do. Based on the definition above, it can be seen that reading is a thinking process by getting meaning from the text and interpreting the information that writer tries to communicate. Moreover reading a text is not only getting the meaning of the text. Students need to understand the meaning of the whole text which is usually called comprehension. Furthermore, comprehension is acquiring and deriving meaning process and understanding the idea from text, it involves cognitive functioning related to what people read. 16 It means that readers have to use their cognitive ability in order to comprehend a text. In order to understand the meaning reader uses their 13 Nilla B. Smith and H. Alan Robinson, Reading Instruction for Today’s Children, London; Prentice-Hall Inc., 1980, p. 6 14 William Grabe and Fredicka L. Stoller, Teaching and Researching Reading, London: Pearson Education Limited, 2002, p. 3 15 Milez V. Zintz, Corrective Reading, New York: Wm. C. Brown, 1966, p. 10 16 John F. Savage and Jean F. Mooney, Teaching Reading to Children with Special Need. London; Allyn and Bacon, 1979, p.7