b. Use of attributive and identifying processes. c. Frequent use of adjectives and classifiers in nominal group. The adjective is
used in order to give the reader clear image about the object when they read a text, it can be situation, the characteristic, and the personalities.
d. Use of simple present tense. The descriptive text is text that describe factual object. It means that It have to use simple present tense, except the object was
died or extinct. All the language features above such as simple present tense, adjective,
and topic sentence are important to arrange descriptive text. In order to describe object based on fact and to give imaginary picture to the reader it needs the entire
feature.
3. The Schematic Structure of Descriptive Text
Generally descriptive text consists of two structures i.e., identification and description. Identification is the part which identifies the object or phenomenon to
be described. While description describes parts, qualities, characteristic of the part of the object.
27
Moreover, according to Anderson descriptive text is constructed by opening paragraph as an introduction of subject described. This paragraph
introduce the subject of the description to the reader and it can be the reader brief details about when, where, who or what of the subject. The next part is
description that consists of some description paragraphs, each paragraph begin with topic sentence, the topic sentence previews the details, each paragraph
describes one feature of the subject. There can also be the final paragraph concluding section as the end of the description.
28
Furthermore, descriptive text consists of two parts, identification as general identification of the object and description as detail paragraphs that
describe the object. A concluding paragraph is optionally added in order to close the text.
27
Siahaan, op. cit., p. 89
28
Anderson, op. cit., pp. 26 —27
C. Teams-Games-Tournament TGT
1. The Understanding of Team Games Tournament
Teams-Games-Tournaments is one of the oldest technique of cooperative learning. Teams-Games-Tournaments and Students Teams Achievement Division
STAD are the most applicable forms of cooperative learning.
29
Teams-Games- Tournament is the first cooperative learning method in John Hopkins Universities
which is originally developed by David Devries and Keith Edwards. It is a technique that asks students to cooperate with their friends. Cooperating with
other students gives chance students to teach and study together with their friends. In addition, Devries et.al. said that Teams-Games-Tournament is sequence
of teaching learning activities which is severely structured. Three educational techniques, such as small groups, instructional games and tournaments, are
combined in this technique. it is designed to accomplish the regular teaching in upper elementary school, junior high school, and senior high school.
30
TGT give students chance to get fun from study when they do game. In addition, the
competition in the tournament gives motivation to student to study seriously. It is also applicable to levels from elementary school to senior high school.
Furthermore, Slavin said that TGT uses teams, instructional formats, and work sheets. Nevertheless, weekly tournament is used to show individual mastery
of the subject matter.
31
The advantage of this technique is there is weekly tournament that asks students to do game individually therefore students not only
study in group but also have to do tournament individually, it helps them to be independent.
Therefore, TGT is a cooperative learning method that is combined games and tournament in order to make student cooperate with others and also show their
individual subject comprehension.
29
Slavin, op. cit., p. 71.
30
David L. DeVries, et al., Teams-Games-Tournament: The Team Learning Approach, New Jersey: Educational Technology Publication, 1980, p 3.
31
Robert. E. Slavin, Cooperatve Learning: Students Team. What Research Says to The Teacher, Washington DC: National Education Association, 1982, p. 9.
