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CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
In this chapter, the writer presents the method and design of the study, population and samples of the study, technique of collecting data, and techniques
of data analysis, statistical hypothesis in this study, and time and location of the study.
A. Method and Design of the Study
This study uses experimental study. In experimental studies, the investigator manipulates what the subjects will experience.
1
From this manipulation, the investigator wants to find whether particular treatment can
have effect in subject or samples attitudes, achievement, and so on. Experimental research is the only form to investigate inquiry in which the
researcher has the opportunity to manipulate variables in order to study causes and effects.
2
The design of the study is using control group pretest-posttest design. The observation held before the experiment called pre-test, and the observation
after the experiment called post-test.
3
In this research design, the writer compares the score of pre-test and the post-test of the control and
experimental group to judge whether the treatment given succeed. The pretest will be held to know the students
’ basic ability or score before the treatment is given. Then, the students of experimental group are given treatment that is
taught writing by peer feedback technique and the control group taught by teacher feedback technique. After given the treatment, the post-test is held to
know the students’ achievement or score after the treatment is given. The
result score of both pre-test and post-test in experimental and control class will be analyzed by using t test with level of significance 5.
1
Douglas C. Wiseman, Research strategies for Education, USA: Wadsworth Publishing Company, 1999, P.296
2
Ibid, P.296
3
Suharsimi Arikunto, Prosedur Penelitian, Jakarta: PT. Rineka Cipta, 2006, P.85
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B. Population and Sample of the Study
The population of the study is the second grade students of SMA N 11, science major. The sample of the study is 64 students taken randomly; 32
students of experimental group and 32 students of control group.
C. Technique of Collecting Data
The data in this study is collected by using tests. There are two tests that will be held. First, pre-test is held to k
now the students’ basic writing ability. Then, after treatment is given, there will be a post-test to know the final score
or achievement of the student writing.
D. Instruments
The instrument in this study is test. According to Suharsimi Arikunto test are questions or practice and other tools that are used to measure skills,
intelligence, or a gift that is possessed by someone or group.
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The writer uses writing test in form of essay because by essay test form the students could
write freely which could explore their writing ability in term of idea, vocabularies, and arranging sentence. However, the writer gives instructions
before the students write to guide the students in order to ease the students including kind of text they should write, the amount of paragraph, the topic,
time, and the aspects which will be scored . Students’ writing will be scored by
scoring rubric which score several aspects of syllabus target such as the organization of the text, ideas, vocabulary, grammar, and mechanics.
E. Technique of Data Analysis
The data is analyzed by using t test. There are some procedures in for computing t-test ratio.
t
o
=
The Procedure of calculation as formula: 1. Determining mean variable X1 with the formula as follows:
M1 =
4
Ibid, p.150
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