1 Montane forest in Celebes, such as the plants in Tangkoko sanctuary in the tips
of Twin Mountains and Two Brothers in the northernmost part of Celebes. 2
Tropical Savanna in Nusa Tenggara, such as Komodo island sanctuary. 3
Mixed Forest in Moluccas with its famous plants such as canaries, sago palms, spices like nutmegs, cloves, cinnamons, and peppers.
d. New Guinea Flora
New Guinea is the easternmost island which climate is humid Af and the rainfall is similar to western Indonesia. The vegetation grows on tropical rainforest. New Guinean tropical
rainforest is unique as it is always covered by fog that indicates high humidity. The endemic plant is eucalyptus similar with the one in Queensland, North Australia.
3. The spread of Fauna in Indonesia
Indonesia has tree fauna areas, namely western Indonesia fauna, middle Indonesia fauna, and eastern Indonesia fauna.
a. Western Indonesia Fauna region The area covers Sumatra island, Java island, Borneo island, and the islands surrounds. It is also
called Sundaland fauna region. Wallace line is the border between western Indonesia Fauna and Middle Indonesia fauna. The fauna are as follow:
1 mammals that consist of elephant, one horn rhinoceros, tapir, banteng Java’s wild ox, buffalo, monkey, orangutan, tiger, rat, squirrel, deer, wolf, bat, porcupine, and wild pig.
Supplementary information Below are some flora that become the mascots of eastern Indonesia
Region Name Flora Name
North Celebes Langsei Ficus minahase
Middle Celebes Ebony wood
South Celebes Lontar
wine palm South East Celebes
Anggrek serat West Nusa Tenggara Ajan Kelincung
Diospyros macropylla
East Nusa Tenggara sandalwood
Moluccas
Orchid Dendrobium phalaenopsis
New Guinea Matoa
Pometia pinnata Source: national an provincial flora fauna mascots, 1993
Picture 1.14 an orangutan left, a tapir middle and a one horn rhino right 2reptiles that include crocodile, turtle, lizard, snake, gecko, monitor lizard biawak, chameleon,
scaly anteater. 3 birds that consist of owl, eagle, starling, peacock, finchbulbul, and variety of birds.
4 variety of insects 5 variety of freshwater fish and porpoise or a kind of dolphin from Mahakam river.
b. Middle Indonesia fauna Region This region is called Wallace archipelago fauna region. It spreads in Celebes Island and the small
islands surrounds, Nusa Tenggara Island, Timor Island, and Moluccas archipelago. The fauna are as follow:
1 mammals that consist of dwarf buffalo, babirusa, cowfish, cuscus, black monkey, saba monkey, horse and banteng java’s wild ox.
2 reptiles such as monitor lizard, komodo, turtle, crocodile and snake. 3 amphibians, such as tree frog, flying frog, and water frog.
4 varieties of bird, such as dewata bird, maleo, waterfowl, king fisher, bee eater, rangkong, cockatoo, parrot, and pigeon.
Source: www.eaga.org.bn
Source: www.solvinzanki.org
Source: www.whozoo.org
Picture 1.15 Paradise bird left, dwarf buffalo middle, and tangkasi right
Source www.ics.ucl.edu
Source: www.members.topod.
com Source:
www.ics.ucl.edu
c. Fauna of Eastern Indonesia Region
