Java and Bali flora

In the swamp area of Gunung Leuser National Park, there are some commercial trees like camphor tree Dryobalanops Aromatica which produce camphor. This tree belongs to dipteracarp. Other types of dipteracarp are timber tree Shorea Sp, keruing tree Dipteracarpus Sp , and resin tree Hope Sp. Other famous hard wood tree is tualang tree koompassia exelsa. A plant that becomes the mascot of Aceh society is Champak Michelia champaca L. Champak can be processed into champak oil for cosmetics. Other Sumatran floras are dipterocarpus tree, cinnamon tree, Rafflesia Arnoldi, orchid, Giant Corpse flower Amorfohophalhus titanium, jeluntung tree and resin. The plants that are massively cultivated in North Sumatra are rubber, clove, coffee, pepper, tobacco, sugar cane, coconut, cinnamon, gambier, sugar palm, and kapok tree. Borneo is famous for its tropical rainforests that rich in hard and big wooden trees. There grows rattan, a famous liana in Borneo. Moreover, South Borneo consists of lowland beaches, swamps, hilly areas and mountain ranges. In the middle, there is Merautus mountain range that lies from the north to the south and divides the area into two different regions. The eastern part is a hilly area dominated by prime forest, secondary forest, shrubs, and grassland. The western part is lowlands that consists of monotonous swamps, flood swamp, and tides swamp and alluvial. Mangroves, swamp forest, and area with various swamp grasses grow in these areas.

b. Java and Bali flora

Java- Bali landscape allows different climates occur in eastern and western Java. Western Java tends to have richer rainfall than eastern Java. This phenomenon is caused by different climate pattern. Western Java’s climate is Af or tropical rainforest. Further to the east, the climate turns into Am or tropical monsoon and Aw or tropical savanna. Because of these differences, diverse vegetations will grow. 1 Tropical Rainforest. This area has Af climate, it occurs around western Java having relatively high rainfall. Some of the areas are Ujung Kulon Sanctuary in Banten, Cibodas Sanctuary and Pananjung Pangandaran in West Java. Some flora often becomes the regional mascot. Below are some flora that becomes the regional mascots in Sumatra and Borneo. Regions Flora Names Aceh Champak flower Michelia champaca L North Sumatra Cananga flower cananga odorate West Sumatra Andalas tree Morus macroura Bengkulu Giant corpse flower Amorphophallus titanium Riau Nibung Jambi Red betelnut Cyrtostachys renda South Sumatra Duku fruit Lansium domesticum Lampung Ashar flowerMirabilis jalapa West Borneo Tengkawang Tungkul Borneo Tallow Nut Sharea stenoptera Middle Borneo Tenggaring Nephelium lappaceum East Borneo Black orchid Coelogyna pandurata South Borneo Casturi musk Mangifera casturi Source: National and provincial Flora Fauna mascots, 1993 2 Tropical Monsoonseasonal Forest. It is located around northern West Java up to Middle Java and some part of East Java. The climate is Am, that lacking in rainfall, so the typical vegetation is the trees that lose their leaves during the dry season, like teak wood. The areas exist in Alas Roban, Middle Java and teakwood forest around Jepara. 3 Tropical Savanna. It is a kind of grassland that is interspersed with some big trees. The climate is Aw, characterized by poor rainfall. The areas occur in eastern Java up to Bali, for example, Baluran sanctuary in east Java and West Bali National c. Wallace Flora Wallace area covers Celebes, Timor, Moluccas and Nusa Tenggara. The climate is dry and the temperature is higher than other Indonesian regions. As the result, the vegetations that grow here are as follow: Below are some flora that becomes the mascots of some regions in Java and Bali. Region Name Flora Name DKI Jakarta Condet Snake fruit Salacca edulis West Java Marian plum Bouea macrophylla Middle Java Kantilwhite champaca Michelia alba DI Yogyakarta Keppel apple Stelechocarpus burahol East Java Sedap Malam tuberose Polyanthes tuberosa Bali Majegau tree Dysoxylum densiflorum Source: National and Provincial Flora fauna Mascots, 1993 1 Montane forest in Celebes, such as the plants in Tangkoko sanctuary in the tips of Twin Mountains and Two Brothers in the northernmost part of Celebes. 2 Tropical Savanna in Nusa Tenggara, such as Komodo island sanctuary. 3 Mixed Forest in Moluccas with its famous plants such as canaries, sago palms, spices like nutmegs, cloves, cinnamons, and peppers.

d. New Guinea Flora