Source:
www.simpatico.ca Picture 1.11 Panda
is endemic animal of China
Source: www.homw.student.
uu.se Picture 1.12
Kangaroo as the special Australian
animal
Source: www.harunyahya.com
Picture 1.13 the camel in Sahara desert is
able to store water.
c. Ethiopian
The spread covers southern Africa, Sahara Desert, Madagascar,
and southern Arabian. Ethiopian fauna have more than 161 land
vertebrates. The typical Ethiopian animals are giraffe, zebra, camel,
and African rhinoceros. Cat and dog, lemur, baboon, gorilla, and
simpanse are animals that are identical with oriental type. Some type of
special Madagascar fauna are small hippopotamus pygmy hippopotamus and some endemic birds such as big
elephant bird.
d. Oriental
The spread covers all South East Asia and South Asia,
including western Indonesia. The typical fauna are tiger, elephant,
gibbon, orangutan, one or two horns rhinoceros, deer, antelope, and
tapir. e.
Australian
The spread comprise Australia, New Zealand, New Guinea,
Moluccas, and the islands around Pacific Ocean. The typical
Australian fauna are animals with pouches like kangaroo,
anteater, some bird types like paradise bird, cassowary, and cockatoo,
and some reptile types like turtle and crocodile. The endemic fauna are kiwi and ancient amphibian sphenodon that only exist in New
Zealand.
f. Neotropical
The spread starts from South America, southern
Mexico, including Middle America. They belong to tropical up to
temperate climates. The special animals are anteater, animals with
hooves such as deer, pig, antelope, and horse. Neotropical
tapir are slightly different to Asian tapir especially their back.
The biome-based fauna spread can be grouped as follow:
a. Desert Biome
The rainfall level of this area is very low, precisely 25 cm per year and it happens irregularly. During the day, the temperature is very high, but in the night it is very low. Desert
fauna adapt to the dry environment, for example a camel retains water in its body. Some animals, like rat, lizard, and snake, hide in the night and go out if the weather is not so cold.
b. Grassland prairie Biome
They occur in tropical up to temperate areas. The prairie’s animal types are bison, antelope, przewalski horse, black tail prairie dog, wolf, wild dog, and fox. Some tropical desert fauna
are squirrel, lemming, mole, bird, and insects. c.
Tropical Rainforest Biome
Animals in this biome are generally diurnal, or being active during the day like the birds in canopy area. Nocturnal animals, these are night active animals, live under the canopy and on
the forest’s floor. The examples are monkey, wild pig, wild cat, and squirrel. Based on the habit, the tropical rainforest animals are divided into two: arboreal and terrestrial. Arboreal is
animals that live on trees, like monkey; while terrestrial is animals that live on the ground, like pig, bear, and panther.
d. Taiga Biome
Taiga is a cold area in north side of the earth and in the heights. The fauna have thick fur, such as lynk snow cat, gray wolf, caribou and otter.
e. Tundra Biome
Tundra occurs in North Pole circle. The fauna here have thick fur, for example muskox, and have thick fatty tissue, like penguin.
B. The Spread of Flora and Fauna in Indonesia
Indonesia has a large amount of flora and fauna varieties. T
his is due to the geography of Indonesia, located between two continents.
Indonesia has tropical rainforest that rich in tropical plants and animals.
As Indonesia is an archipelago, it is possible that some special plants and animals grow and extend in particular islands
.
Then, they adapt with the natural conditions then form the new species. It is also influenced by two biogeography areas, namely Oriental and Australian.
The flora and fauna from these two regions meet here.
1. Factors Influencing Flora and Fauna Spread in Indonesia
The spread of flora and fauna in Indonesia is influenced by some factors, they are as follow:
