Table of content
Introduction iii
Table of content iv
How to use this book vi
Chapter 1 Flora and Fauna
1
A. The Spread of Flora and Fauna on the Earth’s Surface 2
1. The spread of Flora on the earth’s surface 2
2. The spread of Fauna on the earth’s surface 8
B. The spread of Flora and Fauna in Indonesia 10
1. Factors Affecting Flora and Fauna Spread in Indonesia 10
2. The spread of Flora in Indonesia 12
3. The spread of Fauna in Indonesia 15
C. Flora and Fauna Destruction in Indonesia 17
Summary 19
Chapter 1 Evaluation 19
Periodical Competency Test 21
Peer Assignment 21
Chapter 2 Population Dynamics
23
A. Population Composition Based on Age and Sex 24
B. Demographic Dynamics 27
1. Calculating Population’s Growth 27
2. Measuring Population Quality 32
C. Displaying Demographic Information 33
1. Getting Demographic Information 33
2. Displaying Demographic Information 35
Summary 39
Chapter 2 Evaluation
39 Periodical Competency Test
41 Peer Assignment
42 Mid Term Examination
43 Chapter 3
The Spread of Natural Resources
45
A. Natural Resource Potential 46
1. Non-renewable Natural Resources 46
2. Renewable Natural Resources 46
3. Unlimited Natural Resources 47
B. The Spread of Natural Resources 47
1. The Spread of Renewable Natural Resources 47
2. The Spread of Non-Renewable Natural Resources 53
C.
Environmental-Based and Sustainable Management of Natural Resources
61 D. The Use of Natural Resources based on Eco-efficiency Principle
63
Summary 65
Chapter 3 Evaluation 65
Periodical Competency Test 67
Peer Assignment 67
Semester 1 Evaluation 68
Chapter 4 Environment
71 A. Environment
72
1. Biotic and Abiotic Environments 72
2. Environment Quality 73
B. Ecological Limitation 74
C. Elements of Environment 75
D. Identification Conservation Area 77
1. The Definition of Conservation 77
2. Damages in Conservation Area 77
3. The Importance of Conservation Area 79
E. Distribution of Conservation Area 81
Summary 84
Chapter 4 evaluation 84
Periodical Competency Test 86
Group Assignment 86
Mid Term Examination 87
Final Evaluation 90
References
94 Glossaries
95 Index
97
How to Use this Book The beginning of each chapter consists of learning objective, key words, and concept
map that will bring you to start the chapter The picture
contains visual explanation about the material to facilitate your understanding
Active Self Exercise
includes questions to asses your ability in understanding the preceding material
Mid Term Examination
consists of exercises to enable you measuring the material mastery of some chapters
Summary consists of the abstract of the material and key concepts that you have learnt.
Chapter Evaluation includes exercises to measure material mastery of a particular
chapter. Pair contribution
contains questions to measure your ability and cooperation in understanding the preceding material
Periodical Competency Test contains series of activities done individually and in group
to motivate you to be more active and dynamic Peer Assignment
consists of discussion activity that will test your ability in solving problems
Source:
www.seenobjects.org Picture 1.1 Marvel from Peru in
Lampung
Chapter 1 Flora and Fauna
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