In the montane area, the temperature will be similar with tundra so the growing vegetation is lichen. The examples are in Mountain ranges of Andes in South America, Himalaya,
Alphen, Rocky, Akonkagua, and Jaya Wijaya.
2. The Fauna Spread on the surface of the Earth
Factors that determine the fauna spread are soil, relief, climate, water and biotic. The world’s fauna spread can be grouped into 6 areas: Palearctic, Nearctic, Ethiopian, Oriental,
Australian and Neotropical.
a. Palearctic
The spread covers northern part of Asia or Eurasia, Himalaya, Afghanistan, Persia, Africa, England, and Japan. Native fauna of these areas are rat, bull, polar cat. Animals which are
limited are camel, polar deer, and polar bear. The endemic animal is Panda. This animal only lives in China. Unless being removed or proliferated, other countries do not have it. The reptile
here relates to Africa’s and Oriental’s reptiles. b.
Nearctic
This region covers holarctic area, i.e. all parts of North America, the highland in Mexico, and Greenland. The eastern part of North America has deciduous forest and Greenland has eternal
snow. The typical fauna are turkey, mockingbird, salamander, caribauy, bison, and muskox.
Source: wikipedia.org Picture 1.10 The Map of Fauna Spread
Source:
www.simpatico.ca Picture 1.11 Panda
is endemic animal of China
Source: www.homw.student.
uu.se Picture 1.12
Kangaroo as the special Australian
animal
Source: www.harunyahya.com
Picture 1.13 the camel in Sahara desert is
able to store water.
c. Ethiopian
The spread covers southern Africa, Sahara Desert, Madagascar,
and southern Arabian. Ethiopian fauna have more than 161 land
vertebrates. The typical Ethiopian animals are giraffe, zebra, camel,
and African rhinoceros. Cat and dog, lemur, baboon, gorilla, and
simpanse are animals that are identical with oriental type. Some type of
special Madagascar fauna are small hippopotamus pygmy hippopotamus and some endemic birds such as big
elephant bird.
d. Oriental
The spread covers all South East Asia and South Asia,
including western Indonesia. The typical fauna are tiger, elephant,
gibbon, orangutan, one or two horns rhinoceros, deer, antelope, and
tapir. e.
Australian
The spread comprise Australia, New Zealand, New Guinea,
Moluccas, and the islands around Pacific Ocean. The typical
Australian fauna are animals with pouches like kangaroo,
anteater, some bird types like paradise bird, cassowary, and cockatoo,
and some reptile types like turtle and crocodile. The endemic fauna are kiwi and ancient amphibian sphenodon that only exist in New
Zealand.
f. Neotropical
