Fachwinalia Keumala Sari : An Analysis Of Translation Procedures Of Translating Computer Term In Andrew S. Tanenbaum 3
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Examples:
broadcasting s
broadcasting
service user s
service user
transceiver cable s
kabel transceiver
2.3.3 Literal Translation
Literal, or word for word, translation is the direct transfer of a SL text into a grammatically and idiomatically appropriate TL text in which the translators’
task is limited to observing the adherence to the linguistic servitudes of the TL. In principle, a literal translation is unique solution in which is reversible and
complete in itself. The translation has not needed to make any changes other than the obvious one, like those concerning grammatical concord or inflectional
endings, for example English ‘where are you?’ translated into French ‘Ou etes vous?’. This procedure is most commonly found in translations between closely
related language, for example French-Italian, and especially those having a similar
culture. There are other examples of literal translation.
Examples:
network layer s
lapisan jaringan
flow control s
pengendalian aliran
high reliability s
keandalan tinggi
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Computer Networks Into Bahasa Indonesia, 2009.
2.3.4 Transposition
The method called transposition involves replacing one word class with another without changing the meaning of the message. It can also be used within a
language, as when rewarding the phrase, for example ‘He announced that he would return’ to ‘He announced his return’ the subordinate verb becomes a
noun. In translation, there are two types of transposition: obligatory and optimal.
It is also a change in the grammar from source language to target language singular to plural; position of the adjective, changing the word class or part of
speech. There are other examples of transposition. Examples:
speed of performance
s unjuk kerja
light s
kecepatan cahaya
suppressor s
anti gema
2.3.5 Modulation
Modulation is a variation of the form of the message, obtained by a change in the point of view. This change can be justified when, although a literal, or even
transposed, translation results in a grammatically correct utterance, it is considered unsuitable, unidiomatic or awkward in the TL.
As with transposition, there are two types of modulation, namely free or optional modulation and fixed or obligatory modulation. For instance, ‘what time
Fachwinalia Keumala Sari : An Analysis Of Translation Procedures Of Translating Computer Term In Andrew S. Tanenbaum 3
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Computer Networks Into Bahasa Indonesia, 2009.
is it?’ which must be translated into Arabic as “kam essa3a?” is an example of obligatory modulation. Also, the type of modulation which turns a negative SL
expression into a positive TL expression is a fixed modulation, other example of fixed modulation is:
‘it isn’t expensive s
it’s cheap The difference between fixed and free modulation is one of degree. In the
case of fixed modulation, translators with a good knowledge of both languages and freely used this method, as they will be aware of the frequency of use, the
overall acceptable, and the confirmation provided by a dictionary or grammar of the preferred expression.
2.3.6 Equivalence
