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Figure 3. 1: Comparison between R and D method, the eight 8 steps adapted from Kemp’s Model and one 1 step adapted from Yalden’s Model
B. Research participants
In conducting this study, the writer sought information from the respondents to obtain ways of improving the students’ reading skill, based on works of literature,
and assessment of the design set of materials. The respondents that the writer selected were eleventh grade students of Tiga Maret Senior High School, the English teachers,
and the English lecturer. The eleventh grade students of Tiga Maret Senior High School were involved
in this survey to find out information about their interests, needs, lacks, and wants in reading. It was also important to know the students’ interest of having a new way of
learning, which is reading, based on works of literature whose function is to enhance
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their reading ability in English. The English teacher of the related school was also involved as the interviewee
for pre-design and post-design survey. It was aimed at finding out the information about the students’ need from a teacher’s perception. Furthermore, it was assumed
that she understood the real teaching situation in class on the eleventh grade students. Thus, her comment provided information for designing the materials.
The English lecturers of Sanata Dharma University were also involved as the respondents for post design survey. It was aimed at finding out the respondents’
feedback about the design materials. They were also considered as inputs for revising the developed materials so that the writer could present the final version of the
designed materials. Here is the description of the respondents who evaluated the designed
materials:
Tables 3.1: Respondents of the survey study
Number of respondents
Sex Educational
Background Teaching experience
in years F
M S1
S2 S3
1-5 6-10
10 English
Teacher
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English Lecturer
C. Research Instruments
To find out whether the proposed instructional materials for the students of the eleventh grade students Senior High School, Yogyakarta, were acceptable or not,
the study instruments were needed. The types of instruments used to gain the data were as follows:
1 Interviews
Two basics types of question were used in interviews, according to the nature of the response desired from the respondents. Those two types of interview were
open-ended and close-questions. Open ended questions permitted a free response from the respondents to answer the questions rather than restrict the response to
choose among the stated alternatives. In closed questions interviews, the interviewer read the question and presented the respondents with various
alternative response options Ary et al, 1990: 418.
2 Questionnaires There were two types of questionnaire: structured or close form and unstructured
or open form. The closed forms contained the question and alternative answer. This means that in the structured questionnaire, the answer had been written
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down so that the respondents only choose the options. In the unstructured questionnaires, the respondents were free to give their answer. In this study, there
were two kinds of questionnaire. The first questionnaire was used to obtain data in the needs survey. The second questionnaire was used to gain evaluation and
feedback on the designed materials Ary et al, 1990: 424.
D. Data Gathering Techniques
