34
The tone of a story suggests the author’s attitude. The tone of the story may be amusing, angry, or contemptuous. Characters are people in the story. The process by
which an author creates a character is called characterization. There are two ways an author can characterize: direct and dramatic. Direct characterization means that the
author describes the physical appearance, while dramatic characterization means that the author describes how the characters behave or speak. The last feature is conflict.
It is the main struggle of the plot, may be within a character, between two characters or more.
4. English Curriculum
The English curriculum here is School Based Curriculum, widely known as KTSP. School Based Curriculum views language as communication, not only a set of
rules. Moreover, according to Depdiknas 2006: 1, the purposes of English learning are:
1 Develop their communication competency in oral and written form to reach the informational literacy
2 Aware of the importance of English language to increase the competition in global socialization
3 Develop educators understanding about correlation between languages with culture
35
Furthermore, the standard competence for the eleventh grade of Senior High School according to School Based Curriculum refers to:
The ability to understand and create various short functional text and monolog included essay in the forms text of procedure, descriptive, recount, narrative,
report, news item, analytical exposition, hortatory exposition, spoof, explanation, discussion, review, public speaking. The materials use of
vocabulary, structure, and rhetoric steps 2006: 308.
The students’ competence will be explained in details as follows:
Table 2.1: Students’ Competence KTSP, 2006: 315-317
The Skills The Students’ Competences
Listening To respond the meaning of transactional to
get things done and interpersonal socialize conversation in both formal and non-formal
occasion which use various kind of simple spoken language accurately, fluently and
acceptable in daily life; and it involves speech behaviour; give and ask the opinion,
Speaking To express the meaning in short functional
text and monolog in the forms of simple report, narrative and analytical exposition in
daily life
context and
to access
the knowledge.
36
The Skills The Students’ Competences
Reading To express the meaning and rhetorical way
accurately, fluently and acceptable to access the knowledge by using various kind of
written language in daily life context in the text forms of report, narrative and analytical
exposition.
Writing To express the meaning in the form of short
written functional text for ex: banner, poster, pamphlet etc. in both formal and
non-formal occasion by using various kind of written language accurately, fluently and
acceptable in daily life context.
The English curriculum here is School Based Curriculum according to Depdiknas 2006: 1. The purposes of English learning are to develop students’
communication competency in oral and written informational literacy, to aware of the importance of English language to increase the competition in global socialization
and to develop educators understanding about the correlation between language with culture.
Then, the standard competence for the eleventh grade of Senior High School according to School Based Curriculum refers to the ability to understand and create
various short functional texts and monolog, such as; procedure, descriptive recount, narrative, report, news item, analytical exposition and etc. The materials use of
vocabulary, structure, and rhetoric steps. The students’ competence consist of four skills; listening, speaking, reading, and writing. The skill that the writer wants to use,
which is relevant with the design, is reading skill. Reading skill is to express the
37
meaning and rhetorical way accurately, fluently and acceptable to access the knowledge by using various kinds of written language in daily life context in the
forms of report, narrative and analytical exposition.
B. Theoretical Framework
In conducting the study, the writer needs to have what she is going to do in the research as its base. The writer has some steps in analyzing the study. The first
step is conducting survey research by delivering questionnaire and conducting an interview. This is aimed to a clear description about what is actually needed by the
learners and what have been acquired by the students. Afterwards, the writer formulates the objectives of material design based on School Based Curriculum and
the topics. Then, the writer states the basic competencies and indicator based on School Based Curriculum that should be acquired by the students after undergoing
such learning experience. Next, the writer should design the subject content and select the appropriate teaching-learning activities and instructional resources by
considering the theories of integrating reading and writing. Here, the writer gives more focus on reading then writing as the follow-up activities. Having finished with
that, the next step which should be taken is evaluating the designed materials by delivering the questionnaire sheets to the chosen respondents. Eventually, the writer
revises and improves the designed materials after being assessed by the respondents.
