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be approached. There are also several common ways of people approach conflicts that Isenhart found. Those common ways are pp. 26-27 ;
1. Avoiding Avoidance occur when a person denies that there is conflict, changes
topics, and avoids discussion, and is noncommittal. This is the most effective style in situations in which the complexity of the situation prevents solutions.
2. Accommodation This condition happens when a person sacrifices its interests and
concerns while enabling others to achieve their interests. This style is effective in situations in which there is not much chance of achieving one’s
own interests. 3. Compromising
This condition means that concessions by all parties, each party settles for partial satisfaction interests. This kind of style becomes effective when
there will be no hard feelings for settling for less than expected. 4. Competitive
This style is characterized by aggressive, self-focused, forcing, verbally assertive, and uncooperative behaviors that strive to satisfy one party’s
interests at the expense of the interests of others. This style is effective when the situation which decision must be made quickly.
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5. Collaborative Collaborative is characterized by active listening and issue-focused,
emphatic communication that seeks to satisfy the interests and concern of all parties. This style os effective when both parties reasonably balanced and
also valued the long-term relationship. It also perfect for both parties when there is sufficient time and energy to create an integrative solution that will
satisfy both parties. Ricaud-Droisy and Zaouche-Gaudron 2003 add that after realization of the
conflict, both parties will be able to elaborate resolution strategies of their conflict. People in conflict want something. Many conflict occur because both
people can’t or perceive that they can’t achieve their own goals. Understanding what the individuals in conflict want is an important step toward finding a way to
manage the conflict on achieving both goals, wants, or needs p.158
5. Theory of Motivation
In order to relate the idea of motivation itself with literary work, Petri 1981 aims that Motivation is the concept the author use to describe the forces acting
on or within an organism to initiate and direct behavior. Concept of motivation also used to explain the differences in the intensity of behavior. The author use
the concept of motivation to indicate the direction of the behavior pp. 3-4 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
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Then, Maslow as cited in Petri 1981 states that people’s desire in this world is never satisfied. People are still struggling to get other things after
achieving a goal p. 302. This part will mention about motivation which underlying the interpersonal conflicts between Joy and Sadness through Inside
Out screenplay. Maslow 1943 mentions that there are five motives and needs inside the hierarchy of needs.
Fig. 2.1.2: Maslow’s The Hierarchy of Needs diagram
The lowest part or the first need is physical needs, then safety needs, the third is belongingness and love needs, then esteem needs, and the last is self-
actualization needs. Food, water, warmth, and rest are things or conditions to fulfill the psychological needs. Then in safety needs is a condition where a
person can be free from physical threat and emotional harm. Then belongingness and love needs is being fulfilled with interaction with others and also
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belongingness in the society. After belongingness being fulfilled, people tend to fulfill the next stage, esteem needs. Esteem needs can be categorized into two
parts, internal needs and external needs. Internal needs itself being fulfilled with self-esteem such as accomplishment and self-respect. External needs are social
status and recognition. Then, the highest level of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs is self-actualization needs.
Feist 2009 explains that Maslow develops the hierarchy of need during 1970’s into seven-stage models. Between esteem needs and self-actualization,
there are two other stage. Those stages are cognitive needs and aesthetic needs. Cognitive needs are needs of knowledge and understanding, curiosity,
exploration, need for meaning and predictability. It tends to know more theorize, to test hypotheses, or to find out how something works just for satisfaction. Then,
aesthetic needs are needs of appreciation, search for beauty and balance p. 284. Jung John 1978 adds that motivation is a motive that is regarded as causes
of behavior. Jung elaborates that motivation sometimes has the same way of operates in generating response like emotion. In general, motivation is more
likely to be the cause or reason that underlie a given behavior. In short, compare to emotions, motivation is rather rational p. 4.
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6. Interpersonal Communication
Beebes and Redmond 2009 state that interpersonal communication is a distinctive, transactional form of human communication involving mutual
influence, usually for the purpose of managing relationships p. 3. Furthermore; interpersonal communication has degrees of intimacy when interacting with
others, eventhough interpersonal communication itself is a closer interaction of a person with others. First, interpersonal communication transaction between one
person and another influence themselves. All partners which join a communication are affected by a transactions. For example, a person will not
really affected by a brief smile that you received from a traveling companion, but a person will get highly affected when hisher lover telling heshe that the lover
leaving them. Second degree is that interpersonal communication helps individuals manage their relationships. This condition happens when two
individuals are in relationship, what one person says or does influences to the other person.
Interpersonal communication is a really important communication which occurs every single time and it has it is reasons. Beebes and Redmond 2009,
further explain that interpersonal communication can improve relationships with family, friends and lovers, colleagues, and physical and emotional health p. 5.
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Interpersonal communication has several principles which explained by Beebes and Redmond. This principles explain further about the nature of
interpersonal communication itself p. 21. Those principles are ; 1 Interpersonal communication connect use to others, 2 Interpersonal
communication is irreversible, 3 Interpersonal communication is complicated, 4 Interpersonal communication is governed by rules, 5 Interpersonal
communication involves both content and relationship dimensions.
7. Theory of Interpersonal Relationship
Interpersonal relationship happens because the interpersonal communication that occurs become more dependent with one another. According to Steven
Beebe, Susan Beebe and Mark Redmond 2009 relationship itself is a connection which established when someone communicate with another person
p. 252. Beebes and Redmond stated that interpersonal relationship is a perception shared by two people of an ongoing interdependent connection that
results in the development of relational expectations and varies in interpersonal intimacy. Beebes and Redmond explain further about the elements of
interpersonal relationship. There are four elements of interpersonal relationship pp. 252-253, those are;
