Background of the Study

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D. Definition of Term 1. Interpersonal

Interpersonal is a skill where people is able to communicate with one another. According to Sullivan, cited in Interpersonal Communication Relating to Others 2009, interpersonal communication is a distinctive, transactional form of human communication involving mutual influence, usually for the purpose of managing relationship p. 3. Beebes and Redmond 2009 elaborates interpersonal into a connection which established when someone interact with another person. This theory is one of the important theory which will be elaborated into three other theories; the theory of interpersonal relationship, theory of interpersonal communication, and the theory of conflict.

2. Conflict

Fadipe 2000 sees conflict as a form of disagreement in an establishment between two individuals or groups who have cause to interact formally or informally. Similarly, Miller and King 2005, see it as basically a disagreement between two or more individuals or groups over compatible goals. Beebes and Redmond 2009 explains that conflict occurs because of the differences of personality which leads to have a different goals, needs, and experiences p.216. This conflict theory from Beebes and Redmond will be used to analyze the conflict occurs between the two main character. Later on, this theory will be 6 elaborate into two ways on how a person sees conflict. The first is to see conflict through its sources and the resolves of the conflict.

3. Personality

Personality originated from the Latin persona, means a theatrical mask worn by actor. According to Feist 2009, personality is a pattern of relatively permanent traits and unique characteristics that give both consistency and individuality to a person’s behaviour p. 4. in this study, the theory of personality by Freud 1927 will be used in order to understand the background on how conflict occurs between two or more parties. This theory will understand the background through the person point of view which differs from others’ point of view.

4. Film Screenplay

Making film needs the processes on transforming written and graphic sources into film. It takes three forms, one of those is a film screenplay. Phillips 2009 states that a film screenplay is the very first version of the script. Screenplay is made before the filming begins. It describes or supplies the setting, action, vocals including dialogue, and structure p. 204. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 7 CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE The chapter consists of three parts; review of related literature, theoretical framework, and context of the film screenplay. The review of related theory consist of the theories which function is to support or answering the problem formulations. The theoretical framework consist of the importance and contribution of the theory on supporting and solving the problems of the study. The last is context of the film screenplay, which consists of the background of the primary data.

A. Review of Related Theories 1. Theory of Character and Characterization

a. Character

Abrams 1999, states that characters are the people who represented in a dramatic or narrative work, who are interpreted by the reader as being endowed with particular moral, intellectual, and emotional qualities by inferences from what the persons say and their distinctive ways of saying it - the dialogue - and from what they do - the action p. 23. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 8 Forster 1927, differentiates characters into two parts: flat character and round character. The flat character is presented without much individualizing detail, and therefore can be fairly adequately described in a single phrase or sentence. Barnet, Burto, and Cain 2010 add that a flat character is a static character, who at the end of the story the character is pretty much what he or she was at the start. Meanwhile, a round character is complex in temperament and motivation and is represented with subtle particularity; such a character therefore is as difficult to describe with any adequacy as a person in real life, and like real persons, is capable of surprising the reader. In short, round character is dynamic, changing considerably as the story progresses. According to Phillips 2009, a character on a film is imaginary personages in fictional story. A character based on a real person or combination of traits from several people. Character’s action and language - and sometimes thoughts, dreams, and fantasies - are the main ways viewers come to understand the character and to involves the viewers in the story.

b. Characterization

As Rohberger and Woods 1971 state that characterization is a particular personalities and physical attributes distinguish each character from other characters. They further explain that characterization is divided PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI