Psychological Approach Review of Related Theories 1. Theory of Character and Characterization

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4. Theory of Conflict

As cited in Collaborative Approaches to Resolving Conflict as writen by Isenhart 2000, there are severals definitions of conflict according to experts; they are Edelman and Crain, Coser, Hocker and Wilmot p.3. According to Edelman and Crain 1993 conflict occurs when two people cannot agree on the actions that one person takes or that he or she does not take p. 18. Coser 1967 explains that conflict involves a struggle over values and claims to scarce status, power and resources in which the aim of opponents is to neutralize, injure, or eliminate rivals p. 8. Hocker and Wilmot 1991 explain further that conflict is an expressed struggle between at least two interdependent parties who perceive incompatible goals, scarce resources and interference from the other party in achieving their goals p. 23. According to William Wilmot and Joyce Hocker 1995, interpersonal conflict is an expressed struggle. Which means that someone expresses their displeasure with a remark or by a nonverbal behavior such as glare, a steely facial expression, or an emotion-laden tone of voice. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 15 An expressed struggle at least occurs between two interdependent people. In fact, people are interdependent on each other, what one person says or does affects the others. People are more likely to have conflict with others whom they spend time with because one person is connected to the other in some way. The conflict that weighs most heavily on a person is those with people with whom we interact most frequently. Conflict takes at least two people to have interpersonal conflict. The conflict may occur because two parties recognize they have incompatible goals, scarce resources, and interference. Conflict often happens because two people want the same thing, but both can’t have it, or because what one person wants is the opposite of what the other wants. The other reason is when resources time, money, or something else are scarce. Also happens when there are conflicting or incompatible goals, not enough of something to go around, or someone is blocking what you belive is rightfully theirs, conflict happens. Isenhart 2000 states that conflict is a struggle for power, the way decisions are made, the way we talk with each other, or unresolved problems from past interactions p. 2. Isenhart then adds in his book that there are several ways on how conflicts occur and several ways that people approach conflict. There are seven sources of conflict, this theories give clear knowledge on how conflict mostly occurs pp. 14-15, those are; PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI