anything about drama and role-play, and then he became a player, so he had to learn everything about being an artist player. Furthermore, they only have 4 months to
prepare everything. Every person must be under pressure. Anecdotal data gleaned from the students who had taken Play Performance.
The researcher found that there were so many thoughts coming to the students’
heads before taking the Play Performance Course. Before taking the course, the students thought that Play performance would be very difficult. It would take a lot
of their time and make them lose their time which can be used for doing other things. Some students also stated that in Play Performance Course, they would be
very tired because they had so much physical exercises which were expected to improve their ability, and voice of each player and even the other divisions. They
realized that they would get the result of their work someday in the future.
B. Research Question
This research focuses on discussing one research problem: To what extent did the students develop collaborative skill through Play
Performance course?
C. Problem Limitation
The focus of this research is analyzing how far the ELESP students develop collaborative skills through learning process in Play Performance course.
D. Research Objective
The research intends to investigate the degree of students’ progress of
collaborative learning in Play Performance course.
E. Research Significance
The research is expected to give benefits for some parties such as the students, lecturers, and next researchers. The benefits are as stated below:
1. For the students
For students, they will understand more about collaborative learning in Play Perfromance course and its benefit. Thus, students will be more serious during the
learning process. 2.
For the teachers
Teacher will see that collaborative learning is a more effective way of teaching-learning process. Teachers will realize that they are no longer the center
of the knowledge. Mainly, teachers can start implementing collaborative learning to increase
students’ understandingskills.
3. For the next researchers
For the next researchers, this reseach is expected to be the basis of the deeper research related to collaborative learning in Play Performance course.
F. Definition of Terms
To avoid misinterpretation, the researcher has defined some terms that are used in this research. The terms are:
1. Collaborative learning
Basically, Cooperative and Collaborative are almost the same. They mean teamworking. Bruffee 1995 shares basic differences between cooperation and
collaboration. He states that cooperation is the structure of interaction designed to facilitate the fulfillment of a specific final product or goal through people working
together in groups. While, collaboration is the philosophy of interaction and personal lifestyle in which individuals are responsible for their actions, including
learning and respecting the abilities and contributions of their peers.Play Performance
2. Play Performance KPE 345
Play Performance is an obligatory course in English Language Education Study Program Sanata Dharma University. ELESP offers this course in fifth and
sixth semester. In this course, the students will create a product of performance which is by the end of the semester, the drama performance is performed outside
the campus. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
8
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
CHAPTER II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
In this chapter, mainly the things discussed are the important theories issued in this research. Those theories are about collaborative learning and drama
performance.
A. Theoretical Review
This part is the theories that are directly relevant to the research are discussed.
1. Learning
Learning is one of the important things in life. By learning, people can survive and thrive in this world. Kingskey 1999 states that learning is the process by which
behavior is caused or altered through practicing or training. Another expert Drs. Slameto 1999 emphasizes that learning is the process of people trying to get a
whole new behavior change, as a result of the individuals own experiences in interaction with the environment. From the explanation above it can be said that
learning is an act or thought based on previous experience. When a person learns, his knowledge and his actions will be better.
2. Definition of Collaborative Learning
Collaborative learning according to Smith and Mac Gregor 1992 is an umbrella term for a variety of educational approaches involving joint intellectual
effort by students, or students and teachers together. Usually, in groups of PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
minimum two, or more, the students are mutually searching for understanding, solution, or meaning, or creating a product.
Another expert, Dillenbourg 1999 states that the definition of ”Collaborative Learning” is a situation in which two or more people learn or attempt
to learn something together. It can be explained more that the meaning of two or more people indicates that the team consists of two people who do something
together, or more than five people. Hirschy 1995 states that collaboration is the combination of two people or
more, or groupwork, and an environtment where there are variety. The higher educated students learn to expand the responsibility and to meet the atmosphere
where there are variety in environtment. Gunawan 2003 explains that collaborative learning process or
collaborative learning does not only work together, but it leans on the learning process which involves communication process intactly and fairly in the class. It
can be said that a learning process can be mentioned as collaborative learning when all students in the group have willingness to communicate and share anyting to their
colleagues. Collaborative learning activities are varied widely, but most center on
students’ exploration or application of the course material, not simply the teacher’s presentation or explication of it. In collaborative learning, the students discussion
and their thought in working on the material which is already given are highlighted. In other words, in collaborative learning, every student is expected to share
