Research Question Problem Limitation

minimum two, or more, the students are mutually searching for understanding, solution, or meaning, or creating a product. Another expert, Dillenbourg 1999 states that the definition of ”Collaborative Learning” is a situation in which two or more people learn or attempt to learn something together. It can be explained more that the meaning of two or more people indicates that the team consists of two people who do something together, or more than five people. Hirschy 1995 states that collaboration is the combination of two people or more, or groupwork, and an environtment where there are variety. The higher educated students learn to expand the responsibility and to meet the atmosphere where there are variety in environtment. Gunawan 2003 explains that collaborative learning process or collaborative learning does not only work together, but it leans on the learning process which involves communication process intactly and fairly in the class. It can be said that a learning process can be mentioned as collaborative learning when all students in the group have willingness to communicate and share anyting to their colleagues. Collaborative learning activities are varied widely, but most center on students’ exploration or application of the course material, not simply the teacher’s presentation or explication of it. In collaborative learning, the students discussion and their thought in working on the material which is already given are highlighted. In other words, in collaborative learning, every student is expected to share everything, such as skill, ideas, energy, teamworking sense, and problem solving skill. On the other side, in collaborative learning, the existing processes such as lecturing, listening and taking notes are not entirely missing. The collaborative learning process in the classroom, the teachers still have to give explanations, and students have to listen and take notes.

3. Collaborative Methods

Smith and MacGregor 1992 share that the collaborative method is put based on the assumption about the students through learning process. Those are: a. Learning is active and constructive To get the knowledge, the students must be active in learning the material. The students must reconstruct hisher previous knowledge after getting the new information. Furthermore, the students are expected to create something related to the learning material. b. Learning depends on the context The students are involved in solving the material in which the context of material is already known by the students. c. Every student has hisher own background Students who have different charateristic in so many things such as characteristic, background, experience, and learning style.