d. Learning is social
In the learning process, there are social interaction for the students to develop meaning.
4. Collaborative Learning Steps
Hosnan 2014 mentions that there are eight steps in doing collaborative learning: First, the students in a group setting goals and divide tasks on their own.
Second, all students in the group reading, discussing, and writing. Third, collaborative group works together to identify, demonstrate, research, analyze and
formulate the answers of task or problem in worksheet or problems found by themselves. Then, after summing up the results of problem solving, each student
writes a full report on their own notebook. Next, the teacher picks one random groups to present the results of group discussions in front of the class. Other groups
observe, observe, compare the results of the presentation, and respond. This activity is carried out for approximately 20-30 minutes. After that, each student of
collaborative group does elaboration, inferention, and revision if necessary to be submitted report later on. Then, the report of each student related to the submitted
assignments are arranged per group of collaborative. At last, all the reports are corrected, commented, marked, given back to the student. Then for the next
meeting, they discuss the reports. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
5. Elements of Collaborative Learning
Johnson et al 1990 point out that there are 5 basic elements in collaborative learning. When the elements are applied well, it means the collaborative learning is
going in the right track. Those elements are perceived positive interdependence; considerable interaction; individual accountability and personal responsibility;
social skills, and; group self-evaluation. 1.
Perceived positive interdependence; Team members are obliged to rely on one another to achieve the goal. If any
team members fail to do their part, everyone suffers consequences. Members need to believe that they are linked with others in a way that ensures that they
all succeed together. Positive interdependence is the belief by each individual that there is value in working with other members and that both individual
learning and work products will be better as a result of collaboration.
2. Considerable interaction;
Members help and encourage each other to learn. They do this by explaining what they understand and by gathering and sharing knowledge. Group
members must be done interactively providing one another with feedback, challenging one anothers conclusions and reasoning, and perhaps most
importantly, teaching and encouraging one another.
3. Individual accountability and personal responsibility;
All members in a group are held accountable for doing their share of the work and for mastery of all of the material to be learned.
4. Social skills;
Members are encouraged and helped to develop and practice trust-building, leadership, decision-making, communication, and conflict management skills.
5. Group self-evaluation;
Team members set group goals, periodically assess what they are doing well as a team, and identify changes they will make to function more effectively in
the future.
6. Advantages and Disadvantages of Collaborative Learning
Gunawan 2006, shares the advantages of collaborative learning. They are stated as follow: the sense of care and attention trained, emotional intelligent
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